Роль генетических и эпигенетических факторов в развитии синдрома поликистозных яичников

Синдром поликистозных яичников (СПКЯ) является одним из наиболее распространенных эндокринных и метаболических расстройств у женщин репродуктивного возраста, оказывающее влияние на здоровье в течение всей жизни. Среди причин развития данной патологии выделяют генетические факторы – полиморфизмы генов CYP11A1, CYP17A1, DENND1A, эпигенетические (метилирование промоторов генов, ассоциированных с синтезом стероидных гормонов и инсулиновой сигнализацией, роль микроРНК в регуляции фолликулогенеза и гиперандрогении), а также факторы окружающей среды (диета, стресс, экзогенные токсины). Совместно эти механизмы приводят к дисфункции стероидогенеза, гиперандрогении, ановуляции, инсулинорезистентности, формируя гетерогенные клинические фенотипы. Проведен комплексный анализ современных данных о роли генетических и эпигенетических факторов в развитии СПКЯ для рассмотрения перспектив применения полученных данных для совершенствования ранней диагностики и разработки новых схем лечения.

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