Age-related features of pregnancy in women in the conditions of the Kola North

Aim: identification of the features specific to course of pregnancy, childbirth and reproductive behavior of women in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.

Materials and Methods. A retrospective content analysis was conducted to assess information from individual medical records (2019) of pregnant and postpartum women (n = 91) retrieved from the archive of the Hospital of the Kola Science Center of RAS and statistical data provided by the medical information and analytical center as well as Bayandin Murmansk Regional Clinical Hospital (1998–2018). Three study groups were stratified: women aged under 30 years, 30–35 years, and above 35 years old. An assessment of the primary risks of pregnancy and childbirth in different age groups was carried out. An analysis of childbirth outcome was performed. Differences were considered significant at p ≤ 0.05 level (assessed by Mann–Whitney U-test).

Results. The article presents significant differences while assessing perinatal and biological risk factors in women above 35 years of age compared to those under 30 years old and subjects ranged from 30 to 35 years of age (p < 0.019). The ratios of the identified factors that can affect course of pregnancy and childbirth are revealed. The most common pregnancy complications were found to be a threat of early-stage miscarriage (30.0 %) and anemia of pregnant women (25.0 %), diseases of the urinary tract (18.7 %). Pregnancy ended by cesarean section in 30.7 % of women, whereas primiparous women older 35 years it reached 57.1 %.

Conclusion. The course of pregnancy and childbirth in women living in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation is affected by complementary effects of widespread, negative risk factors (in-pregnancy diseases, burdened obstetric history, social factors), as well as specific climatic and geographical conditions of the living environment (cold exposure, unique circadian rhythm, heliogeomagnetic features). In addition to the above-mentioned causes affecting the course of pregnancy and fetal development, the most significant are also presented by infectious diseases of the urinary tract. Among the endogenous risk factors during pregnancy and childbirth, the predominant risk factors are pregnancy complications such as a threat of early pregnancy termination and anemia. The negative trend of increase in the number of primiparous women older 30 years of age is confirmed.

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