К вопросу о вакцинации беременных женщин в контексте пандемии COVID-19

Пандемия коронавирусной инфекции заставляет думать об эффективных методах профилактики у беременных, так как течение инфекции сопровождается высоким риском тяжелой эндотелиопатии, синдрома диссеминированного внутрисосудистого свертывания, септического шока, тромбоэмболических осложнений и материнской смертности. Самым эффективным методом защиты в условиях пандемии, безусловно, является вакцинация, опыт которой при некоторых инфекциях у беременных накоплен в мировой практике и возможно будет использован для вакцины против COVID-19. В статье рассматриваются вопросы вакцинации беременных для расширения представлений у врачей и снятия предубеждений против иммунизации беременных.

1. Huntley B.J.F., Huntley E.S., Di Mascio D. et al. Rates of maternal and perinatal mortality and vertical transmission in pregnancies complicated by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-Co-V-2) infection: a systematic review. Obstet Gynecol. 2020;136(2):303-12. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000004010.

2. Di Mascio D., Khalil A., Saccone G. et al. Outcome of coronavirus spectrum infections (SARS, MERS, COVID-19) during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM. 2020;2(2):100107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100107.

3. Zaigham M., Andersson O. Maternal and perinatal outcomes with COVID-19: a systematic review of 108 pregnancies. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2020;99(7):823-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.13867.

4. Mullins E., Evans D., Viner R.M. et al. Coronavirus in pregnancy and delivery: rapid review. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2020;55(5):586-92. https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.22014.

5. Hantoushzadeh S., Shamshirsaz A.A., Aleyasin A. et al. Maternal death due to COVID-19 disease. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020;223:109.e1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2020.04.030.

6. Alzamora M.C., Paredes T., Caceres D. et al. Severe COVID-19 during pregnancy and possible vertical transmission. Am J Perinatol. 2020;37(8):861-5. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1710050.

7. Vivanti A.J., Vauloup-Fellous C., Prevot S. et al. Transplacental transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):3572. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17436-6.

8. Zeng L., Xia S., Yuan W. et al. Neonatal early-onset infection with SARS-CoV-2 in 33 neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Pediatr. 2020;174(7):722-5. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.0878.

9. Dong L., Tian J., He S. et al. Possible vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from an infected mother to her newborn. JAMA. 2020;323(18):1846-8. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.4621.

10. Kimberlin D.W., Stagno S. Can SARS-CoV-2 infection be acquired in utero? More definitive evidence is needed. JAMA. 2020;323(18):1788-9. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.4868.

11. Boonyaratanakornkit J., Chu H.Y. Why should we advocate maternal immunization? Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2019;38(6S Suppl 1):S28-S32. https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000 000002312.

12. Kourtis A.P., Read J.S., Jamieson D.J. Pregnancy and infection. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(23):2211-8. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1213566.

13. Jones C.E., Calvert A., Le Doare K. Vaccination in pregnancy - recent developments. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2018;37(2):191-3. https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000001822.

14. Wilcox C.R., Holder B., Jones C.E. Factors affecting the FcRn-mediated transplacental transfer of antibodies and implications for vaccination in pregnancy. Front Immunol. 2017;8:1294. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01294.

15. Calvert A., Jones C.E. Placental transfer of antibody and its relationship to vaccination in pregnancy. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2017;30(3):268-73. https://doi.org/10.1097/QCO.0000000000000372.

16. Dangor Z., Nunes M.C., Kwatra G. et al. Vaccination of HIV-infected pregnant women: implications for protection of their young infants. Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines. 2017;3:1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40794-016-0044-7.

17. Andreas N.J., Kampmann B., Mehring Le-Doare K. Human breast milk: a review on its composition and bioactivity. Early Hum Dev. 2015;91(11):629-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2015.08.013.

18. ACOG Committee Opinion No. 741: Maternal immunization. Obstet Gynecol. 2018;131(6):e214-e217. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000002662.

19. Khan R., Vandelaer J., Yakubu A. et al. Maternal and neonatal tetanus elimination: from protecting women and newborns to protecting all. Int J Womens Health. 2015;7:171-80. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJWH. S50539.

20. Rasmussen S.A., Jamieson D.J., Bresee J.S. Pandemic influenza and pregnant women. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008;14(1):95-100. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1401.070667.

21. Mosby L.G., Rasmussen S.A., Jamieson D.J. 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) in pregnancy: a systematic review of the literature. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011;205(1):10-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2010.12.033.

22. Nunes M.C., Madhi S.A. Influenza vaccination during pregnancy for prevention of influenza confirmed illness in the infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2018;14(3):758-66. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2017.1345385.

23. Madhi S.A., Cutland C.L., Kuwanda L. et al.; Maternal Flu Trial (Matflu) Team. Influenza vaccination of pregnant women and protection of their infants. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(10):918-31. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1401480.

24. Moro P.L., Broder K., Zheteyeva Y. et al. Adverse events in pregnant women following administration of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine and live attenuated influenza vaccine in the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System, 1990-2009. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011;204(2):146.e1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2010.08.050.

25. Irving S.A., Kieke B.A., Donahue J.G. et al. Trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine and spontaneous abortion. Obstet Gynecol. 2013;121(1):159-65. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0b013e318279f56f.

26. Kharbanda E. O., Vazquez-Benitez G., Lipkind H. et al. Inactivated influenza vaccine during pregnancy and risks for adverse obstetric events. Obstet Gynecol. 2013;122(3):659-67. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0b013e3182a1118a.

27. Meijer W.J., van Noortwijk A.G.A., Bruinse H.W., Wensing A.M.J. Influenza virus infection in pregnancy: a review. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2015;94(8):797-819. https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.12680.

28. Marshall H., McMillan M., Andrews R.M. et al. Vaccines in pregnancy: the dual benefit for pregnant women and infants. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2016;2(4):848—56. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2015.1127485.

29. Blanchard-Rohner G., Eberhardt C. Review of maternal immunisation during pregnancy: focus on pertussis and influenza. Swiss Med Wkly. 2017;147:w14526. https://doi.org/10.4414/smw.2017.14526.

30. Cornia P.B., Hersh A.L, Lipsky B.A. et al. Does this coughing adolescent or adult patient have pertussis? JAMA. 2010;304(8):890-6. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2010.1181.

31. Carcione D., Regan A.K., Tracey L. et al. The impact of parental postpartum pertussis vaccination on infection in infants: A populationbased study of cocooning in Western Australia. Vaccine. 2015;33(42):5654-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.08.066.

32. Pickering L.K., Baker C.J., Freed G.L. et al. Immunization programs for infants, children, adolescents, and adults: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;49(6):817-40. https://doi.org/10.1086/605430.

33. Krubiner C.B., Faden R.R., Karron R.A. et al. Pregnant women & vaccines against emerging epidemic threats: ethics guidance for preparedness, research, and response. Vaccine. 2019;S0264-410X(19)30045-3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.01.011. [Online ahead of print].

34. Zhao X., Jiang Y., Zhao Y. et al. Analysis of the susceptibility to COVID-19 in pregnancy and recommendations on potential drug screening. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2020;39:1209-20. https://doi.org/1007/s10096-020-03897-6.

35. Li C.C., Wang X.J., Wang H.R. Repurposing host-based therapeutics to control coronavirus and influenza virus. Drug Discov Today. 2019;24(3):726-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2019.01.018.

36. Макацария А.Д., Бицадзе В.О., Хизроева Д.Х. и др. Новая коронави-русная инфекция (COVID-19) и группы риска в акушерстве и гинекологии. Акушерство, Гинекология и Репродукция. 2020;14(2):159-62. https://doi.org/10.17749/2313-7347.133.

37. Ellington S., Strid P., Tong V.T. et al. Characteristics of women of reproductive age with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection by pregnancy status - United States, January 22 - June 7, 2020. MMWR. 2020;69(25):769-75. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr. mm6925a1.

38. Collin J., Bystrom E., Carnahan A., Ahrne M. Public Health Agency of Sweden's brief report: pregnant and postpartum women with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in intensive care in Sweden. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2020;99(7):819-22. https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.13901.

39. Khalil A., von Dadelszen P., Draycott T. et al. Change in the incidence of stillbirth and preterm delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic. JAMA. 2020;324(7):705-6. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.12746.

40. Prompetchara E., Ketloy C., Palaga T. Immune responses in COVID-19 and potential vaccines: lessons learned from SARS and MERS epidemic. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 2020;38(1):1-9. https://doi.org/10.12932/AP-200220-0772.