Беременность и вирус Зика

Вирус Зика – это вирус, переносимый членистоногими (arbovirus) из рода Flavivirus, семейства Flaviviridae. Вирус Зика впервые был выделен у нечеловеческого примата в 1947 г. и у комаров в 1948 г. в Африке. Случаи инфекции, вызываемой вирусом Зика, были спорадическими в течение полувека, но в 2015–2016 гг. последовало пандемическое распространение. Передача вируса Зика от матери к плоду может происходить во всех триместрах беременности, даже если мать – бессимптомный носитель. Клинические проявления инфекции, вызываемой вирусом Зика, неспецифичны и могут быть неправильно диагностированы как другие инфекционные заболевания, особенно связанные с арбовирусами, такими как лихорадка Денге и Чикунгунья. Инфекция Зика ассоциировалась только с легкой формой заболевания до крупных вспышек во Французской Полинезии и Бразилии, когда сообщалось о тяжелых неврологических осложнениях, синдроме Гийена–Барре, а также о резком увеличении числа тяжелых врожденных пороков развития, включая микроцефалию. Адаптация вируса Зика к городскому циклу в эндемичных районах предполагает, что заболеваемость инфекцией Зика может быть недооценена. Пандемия новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19) демонстрирует, что уроки пандемического распространения вируса Зика не были усвоены должным образом.

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