Генетическая предрасположенность при раке шейки матки

Цель исследования: рассмотреть роль генетических факторов и вируса папилломы человека (ВПЧ) в развитии неоплазии шейки матки на основании современных литературных данных по вирусному канцерогенезу.

Материалы и методы. Выполнен систематический обзор литературы по генетической предрасположенности к раку шейки матки (РШМ) на основе электронных данных: поиск осуществляли в Международных научных базах данных (МНБД) PubMed/MEDLINE, также проводили ручной поиск в списках первоисточников рассматриваемых исследований. Отбирали только полнотекстовые публикации.

Результаты и обсуждение. РШМ представляет собой мультифакториальное заболевание, которое подразумевает, что оно имеет генетическую предрасположенность хозяина и вызвано персистирующей ВПЧ-инфекцией высокого онкогенного риска. Иммунная система играет главную роль в инфекции ВПЧ. Изменения в механизмах клеточного иммунного ответа ответственны за неспособность устранить ВПЧ. С другой стороны, иммунная толерантность способствует вирусной персистенции и прогрессированию рака. Основными генами, участвующими в развитии РШМ, являются онкогены, генысупрессоры опухолей (Rb и TP53), цитокины (IL, IFNG), хемокины (CXCL), гены, участвующие в процессинге антигенов, а также вклад каждого полиморфизма или даже гаплотипы играют роль в канцерогенезме шейки матки.

Заключение. Результаты исследований позволили показать роль генетических полиморфизмов цитокинов, хемокинов, рецепторов, генов, участвующих в регуляции процессинга антигенов, и генов-супресоров опухолей в хронизации ВПЧ-инфекции.

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