Лучевая диагностика осложнений органов брюшной полости и таза при злокачественных новообразованиях женской репродуктивной системы

Злокачественные новообразования (ЗНО) женской репродуктивной системы сопровождаются высоким риском развития абдоминально-тазовых осложнений, связанных как с самим опухолевым процессом, так и с проводимой терапией, включая хирургическое вмешательство, лучевую терапию, химио- и иммунотерапию. Эти осложнения могут существенно ухудшать прогноз, снижать качество жизни пациенток и затруднять проведение последующего лечения. Ключевую роль в их своевременном выявлении играет лучевая диагностика, позволяющая не только оценить степень и распространенность патологического процесса, но и дифференцировать ожидаемые посттерапевтические изменения от истинных осложнений. В статье представлены основные виды осложнений, возникающих после хирургических вмешательств (лимфатические осложнения, свищи, инфекционные процессы), экзентерации органов малого таза, а также токсические эффекты лучевой терапии, включая ранние и поздние изменения со стороны желудочно-кишечного тракта, мочевыводящей системы и опорно-двигательного аппарата. Особое внимание уделено осложнениям, связанным с химиотерапией и современными методами системного лечения, включая таргетные препараты и иммунотерапию, которые могут приводить к повреждениям со стороны печени, поджелудочной железы, кишечника, сосудистой и костной систем. Рассмотрены типичные рентгенологические проявления осложнений при использовании компьютерной томографии и магнитно-резонансной томографии, что имеет решающее значение для ранней диагностики, выбора тактики лечения и последующего наблюдения. Понимание особенностей визуализации осложнений у пациенток с ЗНО женской репродуктивной системы необходимо для повышения точности диагностики, предотвращения диагностических ошибок и оптимизации лечебного процесса.

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