Овариальная токсичность эндокринных дизрапторов: современное состояние проблемы

Химические вещества, разрушающие эндокринную систему (англ. endocrine-disrupting chemicals, EDC), представляют собой широкий спектр экзогенных веществ, способных нарушать нормальное функционирование гормональной системы и вызывать серьезные последствия для женского репродуктивного здоровья. Одной из наиболее уязвимых мишеней для действия EDC являются яичники, в которых они запускают ряд патофизиологических процессов. В настоящей статье систематизированы современные данные о ключевых механизмах овариальной токсичности, индуцированной EDC, включая нарушение гормональной регуляции, окислительный стресс, апоптоз, эпигенетические модификации и нарушение межклеточной сигнализации. Показано, что хроническое воздействие таких соединений, как бисфенол А, фталаты, полициклические ароматические углеводороды и диоксины, приводит к нарушению фолликулогенеза, истощению овариального резерва и преждевременной недостаточности яичников. Кроме того, обсуждаются механизмы эпигенетической наследуемости, через которые EDC могут оказывать долговременное влияние на репродуктивную функцию нескольких поколений. Особое внимание уделено терапевтическим стратегиям, включая использование антиоксидантов, модуляторов сигнальных путей и эпигенетических регуляторов, направленных на смягчение токсических эффектов EDC. Приведены тематические исследования, демонстрирующие глобальное распространение загрязнения окружающей среды EDC и их биоаккумуляцию в биологических объектах. Полученные данные подчеркивают необходимость междисциплинарного подхода к оценке рисков и разработки профилактических и лечебных мер, направленных на снижение влияния EDC на репродуктивное здоровье женщин и охрану репродуктивного потенциала будущих поколений.

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