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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">akusherstvo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Акушерство, Гинекология и Репродукция</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2313-7347</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3194</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IRBIS LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17749/2313-7347/ob.gyn.rep.2021.178</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">akusherstvo-967</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Current approaches to the use of antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs in pregnant women with thrombocytopenia caused by hemostasis activation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Современные подходы к применению антиагрегантных и антикоагулянтных средств у беременных с тромбоцитопенией, обусловленной активацией системы гемостаза</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8895-6845</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мысик</surname><given-names>О. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mysik</surname><given-names>O. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мысик Ольга Леонидовна – врач акушер-гинеколог </p><p>192014 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Маяковского, д. 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga L. Mysik – MD, Obstetrician-Gynecologist</p><p>5 Mayakovskogo Str., Saint Petersburg 192014</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olga_mysik88@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2622-5000</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайнулина</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zainulina</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зайнулина Марина Сабировна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, главный врач СПб ГБУЗ «Родильный дом № 6 имени профессора В.Ф. Снегирева»; профессор кафедры акушерства, гинекологии и репродуктологии ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова» </p><p>Scopus Author ID: 37076359000. Researcher ID: B-5746-2018.</p><p>192014 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Маяковского, д. 5; 197022 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6/8</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina S. Zainulina – MD, Dr Sci Med, Professor, Head Physician, Snegirev Maternity Hospital № 6; Professor, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 37076359000. Researcher ID: B-5746-2018.</p><p>5 Mayakovskogo Str., Saint Petersburg 192014; 6/8 Lev Tolstoy Str., Saint Petersburg 197022</p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>СПб ГБУЗ «Родильный дом № 6 имени профессора В.Ф. Снегирева»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Snegirev Maternity Hospital № 6</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>СПб ГБУЗ «Родильный дом № 6 имени профессора В.Ф. Снегирева»; &#13;
ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Snegirev Maternity Hospital № 6; &#13;
Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Health Ministry of Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>05</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>132</fpage><lpage>142</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Mysik O.L., Zainulina M.S., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мысик О.Л., Зайнулина М.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mysik O.L., Zainulina M.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gynecology.su/jour/article/view/967">https://www.gynecology.su/jour/article/view/967</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. At present, hemostasis disorders still hold one of the lead places in the pathogenesis of reproductive losses associated with high risk of miscarriage and remain one of the major causes for developing serious obstetric complications. Relevance, efficacy and safety of using drugs containing acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) in pregnant women with thrombocytopenia comorbid with intravascular coagulation activation remain pressing issues. The study of thrombocytopenia pathogenesis during pregnancy and search for new methods of hemostasis correction are accounted for by high risk of developing diverse perinatal complications and necessity to conduct prophylactic measures for their prevention.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim: to study hemostasis changes and clinical outcomes in pregnant women with thrombocytopenia, to substantiate the use of antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants in pregnant women with activated intravascular blood coagulation for preventing development of thromboembolic and placenta-associated complications of pregnancy.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. A multicenter prospective study was conducted by enrolling 299 pregnant women at a gestational age of</p></sec><sec><title>22</title><p>22.85 [22.00; 25.00] weeks, whose average age was 31.06 [27.75; 35.00] years. There were distinguished three groups: main group (n = 124) consisted of pregnant women with lowered platelet count and activated intravascular blood coagulation, who received ASA preparations and LMWH in prophylactic doses for 4 weeks; pregnant comparison groups (n = 125) received no such drugs; control group (n = 50) consisted of women with normal platelet counts during physiological pregnancy. All patients underwent clinical, anamnestic and laboratory examination, and the clinical outcomes of pregnancy were assessed.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. It was found that use of ASA (a combined drug: ASA 75 mg + magnesium hydroxide 15.2 mg/day) and LMWH (enoxaparin sodium) in pregnant women from the main group were noted to improve hemostasis parameters: via markedly increased platelet count, decreased fibrinogen level, prothrombin index as well as normalized antithrombin III level (p &lt; 0.01). It was also found during treatment that the D-dimer level and the rate (83.6 ± 2.3 % and 72.4 ± 2.7 %) and the degree (86.4 ± 2.7 % and 74.4 ±</p></sec><sec><title>2</title><p>2.8 %) of platelet aggregation in the main group (in contrast with comparison group) were significantly decreased (p &lt; 0.01). The frequency of detected chronic placental insufficiency was significantly higher (p &lt; 0.01) in the comparison group (n = 50; 41.32 %) vs. the main group after receiving ASA and LMWH (n = 20; 16.52 %). The incidence of moderate (p = 0.016) and severe (p = 0.018) preeclampsia was significantly higher in the comparison group vs. the main group. While comparing the volume of blood loss during delivery, there were no differences between the main group and the comparison group (p = 0.46); it was noted only a statistically significant difference compared to the control group (p = 0.04), in which the lowest blood loss was found (337.9 [200.0; 600.0] ml) in comparison with the other two groups (p1,3 = 0.05; p2,3 = 0.04). It should be noted that the volume of blood </p><p>loss in all groups remained within the physiological permissible range.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Our clinical and laboratory study allowed to substantiate relevance of using ASA and LMWH drugs in pregnant women with thrombocytopenia comorbid with confirmed activation of intravascular blood coagulation, for prevention of thromboembolic and placenta-associated complications of pregnancy as well as proved safety of such drugs during pregnancy.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. В настоящее время нарушения системы гемостаза продолжают занимать одно из лидирующих мест в патогенезе репродуктивных потерь, ассоциируются с высоким риском невынашивания беременности и остаются одной из главных причин развития серьезных акушерских осложнений. Остаются актуальными вопросы целесообразности, эффективности и безопасности применения препаратов ацетилсалициловой кислоты (АСК) и низкомолекулярных гепаринов (НМГ) у беременных с тромбоцитопенией на фоне активации внутрисосудистого свертывания крови. Изучение патогенеза развития тромбоцитопении при беременности и поиск новых методов коррекции системы гемостаза обусловлены высоким риском развития различных перинатальных осложнений и необходимостью проведения профилактических мер с целью их предотвращения.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: изучить изменения в системе гемостаза и клинические исходы у беременных с тромбоцитопенией, обосновать применение антиагрегантов и антикоагулянтов у беременных с активацией внутрисосудистого свертывания крови для профилактики развития тромбоэмболических и плацента-ассоциированных осложнений беременности.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведено многоцентровое проспективное исследование с включением 299 беременных в сроке гестации 22,85 [22,00; 25,00] нед, средний возраст которых составил 31,06 [27,75; 35,00] лет. Выделено 3 группы: основную группу составили 124 беременных со сниженным количеством тромбоцитов и активацией внутрисосудистого свертывания крови, которые получали препарат АСК (комбинированный препарат: АСК 75 мг + магния гидроксид 15,2 мг/сут) и НМГ (эноксапарин натрия в индивидуально подобранной дозе) в течение 4 нед; 125 беременных группы сравнения не получали данных групп препаратов; в контрольную группу включили 50 женщин с нормальными показателями тромбоцитов при физиологически протекающей беременности. Всем пациенткам было проведено клинико-анамнестическое и лабораторное обследование, оценены клинические исходы беременности.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. На фоне применения препаратов АСК и НМГ у беременных основной группы наблюдали улучшение параметров гемостаза: отмечалось значимое увеличение количества тромбоцитов, снижение содержания фибриногена, протромбинового индекса, а также нормализация уровня антитромбина III (p &lt; 0,01). В основной группе на фоне лечения в отличие от группы сравнения было установлено существенное снижение (p &lt; 0,01) скорости (83,6 ± 2,3 % и 72,4 ± 2,7 %) и степени (86,4 ± 2,7 % и 74,4 ± 2,8 %) агрегации тромбоцитов и снижение содержания Д-димера (p &lt; 0,01). Частота выявления хронической плацентарной недостаточности была значимо выше (p &lt; 0,01) в группе сравнения (n = 50; 41,32 %), чем в основной группе беременных, получавших препараты АСК и НМГ (n = 20; 16,52 %), также как и частота развития преэклампсии средней (p = 0,016) и тяжелой (p = 0,018) степени. При сравнении объема кровопотери при родоразрешении различий между основной группой и группой сравнения не зарегистрировано (p = 0,46); отмечена только статистически значимая разница по сравнению с контрольной группой (p = 0,04), в которой установлена наименьшая кровопотеря – 337,9 [200,0; 600,0] мл по сравнению с двумя другими группами (p1,3 = 0,05; p2,3 = 0,04). Надо отметить, что во всех группах объем кровопотери оставался в переделах физиологически допустимой нормы.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. В результате проведенного клинико-лабораторного исследования обоснована целесообразность применения препаратов АСК и НМГ в качестве профилактики развития тромбоэмболических и плацента-ассоциированных осложнений у беременных с активацией внутрисосудистого свертывания крови и тромбоцитопенией, а также доказана безопасность применения данных групп препаратов при беременности.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тромбоцитопения</kwd><kwd>тромботические микроангиопатии</kwd><kwd>преэклампсия</kwd><kwd>эклампсия</kwd><kwd>тромбофилии</kwd><kwd>антикоагулянты</kwd><kwd>антиагреганты</kwd><kwd>плацента-ассоциированные осложнения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>: thrombocytopenia</kwd><kwd>thrombotic microangiopathies</kwd><kwd>preeclampsia</kwd><kwd>eclampsia</kwd><kwd>thrombophilia</kwd><kwd>anticoagulants</kwd><kwd>antiplatelet agents</kwd><kwd>placenta-associated complications</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blumenfeld Z., Brenner B. 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