<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">akusherstvo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Акушерство, Гинекология и Репродукция</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2313-7347</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3194</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IRBIS LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17749/2313-7347/ob.gyn.rep.2020.199</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">akusherstvo-886</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Antenatal fetal death in multiple pregnancy: is early prediction possible?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Антенатальная гибель плода при многоплодной беременности: возможно ли раннее прогнозирование?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5888-0774</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цибизова</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsibizova</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Цибизова Валентина Ивановна – акушер-гинеколог НИЛ оперативной гинекологии Института перинатологии и педиатрии; врач отделения функциональной и ультразвуковой диагностики</p><p>197341 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valentina I. Tsibizova – MD, Obstetrician-Gynecologist, Research Laboratory of Operative Gynecology, Institute of Perinatology and Pediatrics; Physician, Depart ment of Functional and Ultrasound Diagnostics</p><p>2 Akkuratova Str., Saint Petersburg 197341</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tsibizova.v@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3367-9844</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Блинов</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Blinov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Блинов Дмитрий Владиславович – к.м.н., руководитель по медицинским и научным вопросам;</p><p>врач-невролог;</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 6701744871. Researcher ID: E-8906-2017. RSCI: 9779-8290;</p><p>127006 Москва, ул. Садовая-Триумфальная, д. 4–10;</p><p>143081 Московская область, Одинцовский район, Лапино, 1-ое Успенское шоссе, д. 111</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry V. Blinov – MD, PhD, MBA, Head of Medical and Scientific Affairs;</p><p>Neurologist</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 6701744871. Researcher ID: E-8906-2017. RSCI: 9779-8290</p><p>4–10 Sadovaya-Triumfalnaya Str., Moscow 127006;</p><p>111, 1-e Uspenskoe Highway, Lapino, Odintsovo District, Moscow region 143081</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8404-1042</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бицадзе</surname><given-names>В. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bitsadze</surname><given-names>V. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бицадзе Виктория Омаровна – д.м.н., профессор кафедры акушерства и гинекологии Клинического института детского здоровья имени Н.Ф. Филатова</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 6506003478. Researcher ID: F-8409-2017</p><p>119991 Москва, ул. Большая Пироговская, д. 2, стр. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victoria O. Bitsadze – MD, Dr Sci Med, Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 6506003478. Researcher ID: F-8409-2017</p><p>2 bldg. 4, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Str., Moscow 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7514-2260</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Первунина</surname><given-names>Т. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pervunina</surname><given-names>T. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Первунина Татьяна Михайловна – д.м.н., директор Института перинатологии и педиатрии</p><p>197341 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana М. Pervunina – MD, Dr Sci Med, Director of the Institute of Perinatology and Pediatrics</p><p>2 Akkuratova Str., Saint Petersburg 197341</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2943-0883</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комличенко</surname><given-names>Э. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Komlichenko</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Комличенко Эдуард Владимирович – д.м.н., зам. директора Института перинатологии и педиатрии</p><p>Researcher ID: N-5315-2015</p><p>197341 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Eduard V. Komlichenko – MD, Dr Sci Med, Deputy Director of the Institute of Perinatology and Pediatrics</p><p>Researcher ID: N-5315-2015</p><p>2 Akkuratova Str., Saint Petersburg 197341</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1809-0270</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Говоров</surname><given-names>И. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Govorov</surname><given-names>I. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Говоров Игорь Евгеньевич – к.м.н., врач акушер-гинеколог, доктор философии по медицине, зав. НИЛ оперативной гинекологии Института перинатологии и педиатрии</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57188586021. Researcher ID: P-1257-2015</p><p>197341 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor E. Govorov – MD, PhD, Doctor of Philosophy in Medicine, Obstetrician-Gynecologist, Head of the Research Laboratory of Operative Gynecology, Institute of Perinatology and Pediatrics</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57188586021. Researcher ID: P-1257-2015</p><p>2 Akkuratova Str., Saint Petersburg 197341</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудряшова</surname><given-names>Е. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudryashova</surname><given-names>E. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кудряшова Елена Константиновна – зав. отделением медико-генетической консультации</p><p>194291 Санкт-Петербург, пр. Луначарского, д. 45–49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena K. Kudryashova – Head of the Department of Medical Genetic Counseling</p><p>45–49 Lunacharsky Ave., Saint Petersburg 194291</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6443-1796</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аверкин</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Averkin</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аверкин Игорь Игоревич – врач, детский кардиолог отделения детской кардиологии</p><p>197341 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor I. Averkin – Pediatric Cardiologist, Department of Pediatric Cardiology</p><p>2 Akkuratova Str., Saint Petersburg 197341</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В.А. Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Health Ministry of Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт Превентивной и Социальной Медицины;&#13;
Клинический госпиталь Лапино, ГК «Мать и Дитя»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute for Preventive and Social Medicine;&#13;
Lapino Clinical Hospital, MD Medical Group "Mother and Child"</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Ленинградская областная клиническая больница»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Leningrad Regional Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>01</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>602</fpage><lpage>611</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Tsibizova V.I., Blinov D.V., Bitsadze V.O., Pervunina T.M., Komlichenko E.V., Govorov I.E., Kudryashova E.K., Averkin I.I., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Цибизова В.И., Блинов Д.В., Бицадзе В.О., Первунина Т.М., Комличенко Э.В., Говоров И.Е., Кудряшова Е.К., Аверкин И.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tsibizova V.I., Blinov D.V., Bitsadze V.O., Pervunina T.M., Komlichenko E.V., Govorov I.E., Kudryashova E.K., Averkin I.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gynecology.su/jour/article/view/886">https://www.gynecology.su/jour/article/view/886</self-uri><abstract><p>Introduction. Perinatal mortality in multiple pregnancies increases by 8–10 times compared to singletons. Stillbirth is a significant part of all complications of multiple pregnancies. Although the incidence of perinatal mortality in multiple pregnancies has decreased consistently compared to extremely high rates in the past, it remains relatively high, despite significant positive changes in the management of such pregnancies. Aim: to assess the diagnostic potential of the first trimester's biochemical screening in multiple pregnancies for predicting antenatal fetal death. Materials and Methods. As part of a retrospective study, a cohort of twin pregnancies after in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), or spontaneous conception underwent screening of the first trimester at 11+0–13+6 weeks of gestation as recommended by the Fetal Medicine Foundation. Determination of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) in blood serum with subsequent calculation of the relative PAPP-A MoM (multiples of median) – a multiple of the median (an indicator of how much the individual test result deviates from the reference values) was performed. Results. Prenatal screening and outcomes of 302 multiple pregnancies showed that with PAPP-A MoM &lt; 0.5, antenatal fetal death occurred with a frequency of 42.86 % (6/14), with PAPP-A MoM within the reference values – In 12.67 % (28/221), with PAPP-A MoM &gt; 2.0 – in 6.7 % (2/30). Differences between patients with PAPP-A MoM &lt; 0.5 and PAPP-A MoM within the reference values, as well as PAPP-A MoM &lt; 0.5 and PAPP-A MoM &gt; 2.0 were statistically significant (p = 0.002 and p = 0.004, respectively). No differences were detected between spontaneous and assisted reproductive technology (ART) pregnancies. Conclusion. In women with multiple pregnancies resulting from ART or spontaneous, PAPP-A MoM values below the reference interval (&lt; 0.5) in the first trimester are associated with an increased risk of antenatal fetal death.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Введение. При многоплодной беременности риск перинатальной смертности возрастает в 8–10 раз. Антенатальные потери занимают значительную часть среди всех осложнений многоплодия. Хотя частота перинатальной смертности при много плодной беременности в последние 2 десятилетия снизилась по сравнению с чрезвычайно высокими показателями прошлого, она остается относительно высокой, несмотря на значительные позитивные изменения в подходах к ведению таких женщин. Цель исследования: определить диагностические возможности биохимического скрининга I триместра при многоплодной беременности в прогнозировании антенатальной гибели плода. Материалы и методы. В рамках ретроспективного исследования была сформирована когорта беременных двойней после экстракорпорального оплодотворения (ЭКО), инъекции сперматозоида в цитоплазму ооцита (ИКСИ), либо спонтанно наступившей беременности, которым на 11+0–13+6 неделях гестации был выполнен комбинированный скрининг I триместра, рекомендованный Фондом медицины плода (англ. Fetal Medicine Foundation), и определение ассоциированного с беременностью протеина-А плазмы (англ. pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A, PAPP-A) в сыворотке крови с последующим расчетом относительного показателя PAPP-A MoM (англ. multiples of median) – значения, кратного медиане (показатель того, насколько индивидуальный результат теста отклоняется от референсных значений). Результаты. Ретроспективный анализ пренатального скрининга и исходов 302 многоплодных беременностей, наступивших спонтанно или после вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий (ВРТ), показал, что при показателе PAPP-A MoM &lt; 0,5 антенатальная гибель плода встречалась с частотой 42,86 % (6/14), при PAPP-A MoM в пределах референсных значений – в 12,67 % (28/221), при PAPP-A MoM &gt; 2,0 – в 6,7 % (2/30). Различия между пациентками с показателями PAPP-A MoM &lt; 0,5 и PAPP-A MoM в пределах референсных значений, а также PAPP-A MoM &lt; 0,5 и PAPP-A MoM &gt; 2,0 были статистически значимы (p = 0,002 и p = 0,004, соответственно), Заключение. У женщин с многоплодной беременностью, наступившей в результате ВРТ или спонтанно, значения показателя PAPP-A MoM ниже референсного интервала (&lt; 0,5) в I триместре ассоциированы с повышенным риском антенатальной гибели плода.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>антенатальная гибель плода</kwd><kwd>многоплодная беременность</kwd><kwd>ассоциированный с беременностью протеин-А плазмы</kwd><kwd>РАРР-А</kwd><kwd>биохимический скрининг</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>antenatal fetal death</kwd><kwd>multiple pregnancy</kwd><kwd>pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A</kwd><kwd>PAPP-A</kwd><kwd>biochemical screening</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">El Toukhy T., Khalaf Y., Braude P. IVF results: optimize not maximize. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006;194(2):322–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2005.05.018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">El Toukhy T., Khalaf Y., Braude P. IVF results: optimize not maximize. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006;194(2):322–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2005.05.018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Luke B., Brown M.B. The changing risk of infant mortality by gestation, plurality, and race: 1989–1991 versus 1999–2001. Pediatrics. 2006;118(6):2488–97. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-1824.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luke B., Brown M.B. The changing risk of infant mortality by gestation, plurality, and race: 1989–1991 versus 1999–2001. Pediatrics. 2006;118(6):2488–97. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-1824.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Luke B. Reducing fetal deaths in multiple births: optimal birthweights and gestational ages for infants of twin and triplet births. Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Roma). 1996;45(3):333–48. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0001566000000933.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luke B. Reducing fetal deaths in multiple births: optimal birthweights and gestational ages for infants of twin and triplet births. Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Roma). 1996;45(3):333–48. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0001566000000933.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sebire N.J., Snijders R.J., Hughes K. et al. The hidden mortality of monochorionic twin pregnancies. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1997;104(10):1203–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1997.tb10948.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sebire N.J., Snijders R.J., Hughes K. et al. The hidden mortality of monochorionic twin pregnancies. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1997;104(10):1203–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1997.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heyborne K.D., Porreco R.P., Garite T.J. et al.; Obstetrix/Pediatrix Research Study Group. Improved perinatal survival of monoamniotic twins with intensive inpatient monitoring. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005;192(1):96–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2004.06.037.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">tb10948.x. 5. Heyborne K.D., Porreco R.P., Garite T.J. et al.; Obstetrix/Pediatrix Research Study Group. Improved perinatal survival of monoamniotic twins with intensive inpatient monitoring. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005;192(1):96–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2004.06.037.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hack K.E., Derks J.B., Schaap A.H. et al. Perinatal outcome of monoamniotic twin pregnancies. Obstet Gynecol. 2009;113(2 Pt 1):353–60. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0b013e318195bd57.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hack K.E., Derks J.B., Schaap A.H. et al. Perinatal outcome of monoamniotic twin pregnancies. Obstet Gynecol. 2009;113(2 Pt 1):353–60. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0b013e318195bd57.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morikawa M., Yamada T., Yamada T. et al. Prospective risk of intrauterine fetal death in monoamniotic twin pregnancies. Twin Res Hum Genet. 2012;15(4):522–6. https://doi.org/10.1017/thg.2012.30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morikawa M., Yamada T., Yamada T. et al. Prospective risk of intrauterine fetal death in monoamniotic twin pregnancies. Twin Res Hum Genet. 2012;15(4):522–6. https://doi.org/10.1017/thg.2012.30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beasley E., Megerian G., Gerson A., Roberts N.S. Monoamniotic twins: case series and proposal for antenatal management. Obstet Gynecol. 1999;93(1):130–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0029-7844(98)00399-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beasley E., Megerian G., Gerson A., Roberts N.S. Monoamniotic twins: case series and proposal for antenatal management. Obstet Gynecol. 1999;93(1):130–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0029-7844(98)00399-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Enbom J.A. Twin pregnancy with intrauterine death of one twin. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1985;152(4):424–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9378(85)80152-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Enbom J.A. Twin pregnancy with intrauterine death of one twin. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1985;152(4):424–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9378(85)80152-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rydhstrоm H., Ingemarsson I. Prognosis and long-term follow-up of a twin after antenatal death of the co-twin. J Reprod Med. 1993;38(2):142–6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rydhstrоm H., Ingemarsson I. Prognosis and long-term follow-up of a twin after antenatal death of the co-twin. J Reprod Med. 1993;38(2):142–6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ferriman E., Stratton S., Stern V. Twin pregnancy. Obstet Gynaecol Reprod Med. 2018;28(8):221–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ogrm.2018.07.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ferriman E., Stratton S., Stern V. Twin pregnancy. Obstet Gynaecol Reprod Med. 2018;28(8):221–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ogrm.2018.07.002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mackie F.L., Morris R.K., Kilby M.D. Fetal brain injury in survivors of twin pregnancies complicated by demise of one twin: a review. Twin Res Hum Genet. 2016;19(3):262–7. https://doi.org/10.1017/thg.2016.39.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mackie F.L., Morris R.K., Kilby M.D. Fetal brain injury in survivors of twin pregnancies complicated by demise of one twin: a review. Twin Res Hum Genet. 2016;19(3):262–7. https://doi.org/10.1017/thg.2016.39.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Цибизова В.И., Говоров И.Е., Первунина Т.М. и др. Пренатальный скрининг первого триместра при многоплодной беременности. Часть I: сравнительный анализ сывороточных белков PAPP-A и β-ХГЧ при беременности, наступившей спонтанно или в результате экстракорпорального оплодотворения. Акушерство, Гинекология и Репродукция. 2020;14(1):25–33. https://doi.org/10.17749/2313-7347.2020.14.1.25-33.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsibizova V.I., Govorov I.E., Pervunina T.M. et al. First trimester prenatal screening in multiple pregnancies. Part I: comparative analysis of serum proteins PAPP-A and β-hCG in pregnancies conceived spontaneously or by in vitro fertilization. [Prenatal'nyj skrining pervogo trimestra pri mnogoplodnoj beremennosti. Chast' I: sravnitel'nyj analiz syvorotochnyh belkov PAPP-A i β-HGCh pri beremennosti, nastupivshej spontanno ili v rezul'tate ekstrakorporal'nogo oplodotvoreniya]. Akusherstvo, Ginekologia i Reprodukcia. 2020;14(1):25–33. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17749/2313-7347.2019.14.1.25-33.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Цибизова В.И., Говоров И.Е., Первунина Т.М. и др. Пренатальный скрининг первого триместра при многоплодной беременности. Часть II: сывороточные белки PAPP-A и β-ХГЧ как маркеры неблагоприятных исходов беременности. Акушерство, Гинекология и Репродукция. 2020;14(1):34–43. https://doi.org/10.17749/2313-7347.2020.14.1.34-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsibizova V.I., Govorov I.E., Pervunina T.M. et al. First trimester prenatal screening in multiple pregnancies. Part II: serum proteins PAPP-A and β-hCG as markers of adverse pregnancy outcomes. [Prenatal'nyj skrining pervogo trimestra pri mnogoplodnoj beremennosti. Chast' II: syvorotochnye belki PAPP-A i β-HGCh kak markery neblagopriyatnyh iskhodov beremennosti]. Akusherstvo, Ginekologia i Reprodukcia. 2020;14(1):34–43. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17749/2313-7347.2020.14.1.34-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Цибизова В.И., Говоров И.Е., Аверкин И.И. и др. Оценка медицинских технологий в акушерстве: преимущества индивидуального консервативного ведения монохориальной беременности, осложненной синдромом обратной артериальной перфузии, перед хирургическим вмешательством. ФАРМАКОЭКОНОМИКА. Современная Фармакоэкономика и Фармакоэпидемиология. 2020;13(1):36–42. https://doi.org/10.17749/2070-4909.2020.13.1.36-42.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsibizova V.I., Govorov I.E., Averkin I.I. et al. Health technology assessment in obstetrics: advantage of tailored conservative strategy vs. surgical therapies of monochorionic twin complicated by trapsequence. [Ocenka medicinskih tekhnologij v akusherstve: preimushchestva individual'nogo konservativnogo vedeniya monohorial'noj beremennosti, oslozhnennoj sindromom obratnoj arterial'noj perfuzii, pered hirurgicheskim vmeshatel'stvom]. FARMAKOEKONOMIKA. Sovremennaya Farmakoekonomika i Farmakoepidemiologiya. 2020;13(1):36–42. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17749/2070-4909.2020.13.1.36-42.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smith G.C., Stenhouse E.J., Crossley J.A. et al. Early-pregnancy origins of low birth weight. Nature. 2002;417(6892):916. https://doi.org/10.1038/417916a.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smith G.C., Stenhouse E.J., Crossley J.A. et al. Early-pregnancy origins of low birth weight. Nature. 2002;417(6892):916. https://doi.org/10.1038/417916a.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spencer C., Allen V., Flowerdew G. et al. Low levels of maternal serum PAPP-A in early pregnancy and the risk of adverse outcomes. Prenat Diagn. 2008;28(11):1029–36. https://doi.org/10.1002/pd.2116.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spencer C., Allen V., Flowerdew G. et al. Low levels of maternal serum PAPP-A in early pregnancy and the risk of adverse outcomes. Prenat Diagn. 2008;28(11):1029–36. https://doi.org/10.1002/pd.2116.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liao A., Heath V., Kametas N. et al. First-trimester screening for trisomy 21 in singleton pregnancies achieved by assisted reproduction. Hum Reprod. 2001;16(7):1501–4. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/16.7.1501.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liao A., Heath V., Kametas N. et al. First-trimester screening for trisomy 21 in singleton pregnancies achieved by assisted reproduction. Hum Reprod. 2001;16(7):1501–4. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/16.7.1501.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maymon R., Shulman A. Serial first-and second-trimester Down's syndrome screening tests among IVF-versus naturally-conceived singletons. Hum Reprod. 2002;17(4):1081–5. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/17.4.1081.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maymon R., Shulman A. Serial first-and second-trimester Down's syndrome screening tests among IVF-versus naturally-conceived singletons. Hum Reprod. 2002;17(4):1081–5. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/17.4.1081.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bellver J., Lara C., Soares S.R. et al. First trimester biochemical screening for Down's syndrome in singleton pregnancies conceived by assisted reproduction. Hum Reprod. 2005;20(9):2623–7. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dei107.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bellver J., Lara C., Soares S.R. et al. First trimester biochemical screening for Down's syndrome in singleton pregnancies conceived by assisted reproduction. Hum Reprod. 2005;20(9):2623–7. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dei107.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Conover C.A., Bale L.K., Overgaard M.T. et al. Metalloproteinase pregnancy-associated plasma protein A is a critical growth regulatory factor during fetal development. Development. 2004;131(5):1187–94. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.00997.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Conover C.A., Bale L.K., Overgaard M.T. et al. Metalloproteinase pregnancy-associated plasma protein A is a critical growth regulatory factor during fetal development. Development. 2004;131(5):1187–94. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.00997.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lin T.-M., Halbert S.P., Kiefer D. et al. Characterization of four human pregnancy-associated plasma proteins. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1974;118(2):223–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9378(74)90553-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lin T.-M., Halbert S.P., Kiefer D. et al. Characterization of four human pregnancy-associated plasma proteins. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1974;118(2):223–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9378(74)90553-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guibourdenche J., Frendo J., Pidoux G. et al. Expression of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) during human villous trophoblast differentiation in vitro. Placenta. 2003;24(5):532–9. https://doi.org/10.1053/plac.2002.0944.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guibourdenche J., Frendo J., Pidoux G. et al. Expression of pregnancyassociated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) during human villous trophoblast differentiation in vitro. Placenta. 2003;24(5):532–9. https://doi.org/10.1053/plac.2002.0944.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dugoff L., Hobbins J.C., Malone F.D. et al. First-trimester maternal serum PAPP-A and free-beta subunit human chorionic gonadotropin concentrations and nuchal translucency are associated with obstetric complications: a population-based screening study (the FASTER Trial). Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004;191(4):1446–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2004.06.052.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dugoff L., Hobbins J.C., Malone F.D. et al. First-trimester maternal serum PAPP-A and free-beta subunit human chorionic gonadotropin concentrations and nuchal translucency are associated with obstetric complications: a population-based screening study (the FASTER Trial). Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004;191(4):1446–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2004.06.052.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ong C.Y., Liao A.W., Spencer K. et al. First trimester maternal serum free β human chorionic gonadotrophin and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A as predictors of pregnancy complications. BJOG. 2000;107(10):1265–70. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2000.tb11618.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ong C.Y., Liao A.W., Spencer K. et al. First trimester maternal serum free β human chorionic gonadotrophin and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A as predictors of pregnancy complications. BJOG. 2000;107(10):1265–70. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2000.tb11618.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Amor D.J., Xu J., Halliday J.L. et al. Pregnancies conceived using assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have low levels of pregnancyassociated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) leading to a high rate of falsepositive results in first trimester screening for Down syndrome. Hum Reprod. 2009;24(6):1330–8. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dep046.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amor D.J., Xu J., Halliday J.L. et al. Pregnancies conceived using assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have low levels of pregnancyassociated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) leading to a high rate of falsepositive results in first trimester screening for Down syndrome. Hum Reprod. 2009;24(6):1330–8. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dep046.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tul N., Novak-Antolic Z. Serum PAPP-A levels at 10–14 weeks of gestation are altered in women after assisted conception. Prenat Diagn. 2006;26(12):1206–11. https://doi.org/10.1002/pd.1589.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tul N., Novak-Antolic Z. Serum PAPP-A levels at 10–14 weeks of gestation are altered in women after assisted conception. Prenat Diagn. 2006;26(12):1206–11. https://doi.org/10.1002/pd.1589.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lawrence J.B., Oxvig C., Overgaard M.T. et al. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-dependent IGF binding protein-4 protease secreted by human fibroblasts is pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999;96(6):3149–53. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.6.3149.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lawrence J.B., Oxvig C., Overgaard M.T. et al. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-dependent IGF binding protein-4 protease secreted by human fibroblasts is pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999;96(6):3149–53. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.6.3149.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van Kleffens M., Groffen C., Lindenbergh-Kortleve D.J. et al. The IGF system during fetal-placental development of the mouse. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 1998;140(1–2):129–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0303-7207(98)00041-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van Kleffens M., Groffen C., Lindenbergh-Kortleve D.J. et al. The IGF system during fetal-placental development of the mouse. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 1998;140(1–2):129–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0303-7207(98)00041-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Votino C., Fanelli T., Olivieri C. et al. First trimester low PAPP-A (≤ 0.2 MoM) and risk of structural abnormalities in euploid fetuses: a prospective study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2019;54:183. https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.20962.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Votino C., Fanelli T., Olivieri C. et al. First trimester low PAPP-A (≤ 0.2 MoM) and risk of structural abnormalities in euploid fetuses: a prospective study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2019;54:183. https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.20962.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hourrier S., Salomon L.J., Dreux S., Muller F. Screening for adverse pregnancy outcome at early gestational age. Clin Chim Acta. 2010;411(21–22):1547–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2010.06.024.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hourrier S., Salomon L.J., Dreux S., Muller F. Screening for adverse pregnancy outcome at early gestational age. Clin Chim Acta. 2010;411(21–22):1547–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2010.06.024.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khalil A., Rodgers M., Baschat A. et al. ISUOG Practice Guidelines: role of ultrasound in twin pregnancy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2016;47(2):247–63. https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.15821.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khalil A., Rodgers M., Baschat A. et al. ISUOG Practice Guidelines: role of ultrasound in twin pregnancy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2016;47(2):247–63. https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.15821.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
