<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">akusherstvo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Акушерство, Гинекология и Репродукция</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2313-7347</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3194</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IRBIS LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17749/2313-7347/ob.gyn.rep.2020.187</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">akusherstvo-884</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Polymorphic loci of the ESR1 gene are associated with the risk of developing preeclampsia with fetal growth retardation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Полиморфные локусы гена ESR1 ассоциированы с риском развития преэклампсии с задержкой роста плода</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8473-2601</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Головченко</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golovchenko</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Головченко Олег Васильевич – к.м.н., доцент кафедры акушерства и гинекологии медицинского института</p><p>308007 Белгород, ул. Победы, д. 85</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg V. Golovchenko – MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Institute</p><p>85 Pobedy Str., Belgorod 308007</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1406-2515</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абрамова</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abramova</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Абрамова Мария Юрьевна – аспирант кафедры медико-биологических дисциплин медицинского института</p><p>308007 Белгород, ул. Победы, д. 85</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria Yu. Abramova – MD, Postgraduate Student, Department of Biomedical Disciplines, Medical Institute</p><p>85 Pobedy Str., Belgorod 308007</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5652-0166</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пономаренко</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponomarenko</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пономаренко Ирина Васильевна – д.м.н., доцент кафедры медико-биологических дисциплин медицинского института</p><p>308007 Белгород, ул. Победы, д. 85</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina V. Ponomarenko – MD, Dr Sci Med, Associate Professor, Department of Biomedical Disciplines</p><p>85 Pobedy Str., Belgorod 308007</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1254-6134</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чурносов</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Churnosov</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чурносов Михаил Иванович – д.м.н., профессор, зав. кафедрой медико-биологических дисциплин медицинского института</p><p>308007 Белгород, ул. Победы, д. 85</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail I. Churnosov – MD, Dr Sci Med, Professor, Head of the Department of Biomedical Disciplines, Medical Institute</p><p>85 Pobedy Str., Belgorod 308007</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">churnosov@bsu.edu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belgorod State National Research University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>01</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>583</fpage><lpage>591</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Golovchenko O.V., Abramova M.Y., Ponomarenko I.V., Churnosov M.I., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Головченко О.В., Абрамова М.Ю., Пономаренко И.В., Чурносов М.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Golovchenko O.V., Abramova M.Y., Ponomarenko I.V., Churnosov M.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gynecology.su/jour/article/view/884">https://www.gynecology.su/jour/article/view/884</self-uri><abstract><p>Aim: to analyze the association of the ESR1 gene polymorphic loci rs2234693, rs9340799, and rs3798577 with developing preeclampsia (PE) with fetal growth retardation (FGR). Materials and Methods. The study was performed while analyzing a sample of 400 women: 76 pregnant women with PE and FGR and 324 with a physiological course of pregnancy. Three polymorphic loci of the ESR1 gene (rs2234693, rs9340799, and rs3798577) were genotyped. Functional effects of polymorphic loci were evaluated by using the online programs HaploReg (epigenetic effects) and GTEx Portal (relation to gene expression). Results. The development of PE and FGR is associated with the G allele and GG genotype rs9340799 of the ESR1 gene (OR = 1.38; pperm = 0.04 and OR = 2.00; pperm = 0.04, respectively), the T allele rs3798577 of the ESR1 gene (OR = 1.46; pperm = 0.01), and the TG haplotype of the polymorphic loci rs2234693–rs9340799 of the ESR1 gene (OR = 2.08; pperm = 0.009). Polymorphic locirs2234693, rs9340799 ESR1 gene and rs3798577 have an important functional significance in human body being located in the evolutionarily conserved DNA region, affect affinity of regulatory DNA motifs to the eight transcription factors as well as ESR1 gene expression in the thyroid gland, which are positioned in the promoter and enhancer region, DNAse 1 hypersensitivity motif within diverse organs and tissues, and display an important pathogenetic effect for development of PE and FGR. Conclusion. Polymorphic loci rs2234693, rs9340799 and rs3798577 of the ESR1 gene are associated with developing PE and FGR.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Цель исследования: провести анализ ассоциации полиморфных локусов rs2234693, rs9340799 и rs3798577 гена ESR1 с развитием преэклампсии (ПЭ) с задержкой роста плода (ЗРП). Материалы и методы. Настоящее исследование выполнено на выборке из 400 женщин: 76 беременных с ПЭ и ЗРП и 324 с физиологическим течением беременности. Проведено генотипирование трех полиморфных локусов гена ESR1 (rs2234693, rs9340799 и rs3798577). Функциональные эффекты полиморфных локусов оценивались с использованием онлайн программ HaploReg (эпигенетические эффекты) и GTEx Portal (связь с экспрессией генов). Результаты. Развитие ПЭ и ЗРП ассоциировано с аллелем G и генотипом GG rs9340799 гена ESR1 (OR = 1,38; pperm = 0,04 и OR = 2,00; pperm = 0,04 соответственно), аллелем T rs3798577 гена ESR1 (OR = 1,46; pperm = 0,01) и гаплотипом TG полимор фных локусов rs2234693–rs9340799 гена ESR1 (OR = 2,08; pperm = 0,009). Полиморфные локусы rs2234693, rs9340799 и rs3798577 гена ESR1 имеют важное функциональное значение в организме – находятся в эволюционно консервативном регионе ДНК, влияют на аффинность регуляторных мотивов ДНК к 8 факторам транскрипции и экспрессию гена ESR1 в щитовидной железе, расположены в регионе промоторов и энхансеров, регионе гиперчувствительности к ДНКазе 1 в различных органах и тканях, имеющих важное патогенетическое значение для развития ПЭ и ЗРП. Заключение. Полиморфные локусы rs2234693, rs9340799 и rs3798577 гена ESR1 ассоциированы с развитием ПЭ и ЗРП.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>задержка роста плода</kwd><kwd>преэклампсия</kwd><kwd>однонуклеотидный полиморфизм</kwd><kwd>ESR1</kwd><kwd>ассоциации</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>fetal growth retardation</kwd><kwd>preeclampsia</kwd><kwd>single-nucleotide polymorphism</kwd><kwd>ESR1</kwd><kwd>association</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Стрижаков А.М., Липатов И.С., Тезиков Ю.В. Плацентарная недостаточность: патогенез, прогнозирование, диагностика, профилактика, акушерская тактика. Самара: Офорт, 2014. 239 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Strizhakov A.M., Lipatov I.S., Tezikov Yu.V. Placental insufficiency: pathogenesis, prognosis, diagnosis, prevention, obstetric tactics. [Placentarnaya nedostatochnost': patogenez, prognozirovanie, diagnostika, profilaktika, akusherskaya taktika]. Samara: Ofort, 2014. 239 s. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heshmat S.H. Intrauterine growth restriction – a review article. Anatomy Physiol Biochem Int J. 2017;1(5):555–72. https://doi.org/10.19080/APBIJ.2017.01.555572.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heshmat S.H. Intrauterine growth restriction – a review article. Anatomy Physiol Biochem Int J. 2017;1(5):555–72. https://doi.org/10.19080/APBIJ.2017.01.555572.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sharma D., Shastri S., Sharma P. Intrauterine growth restriction: antenatal and postnatal aspects. Clin Med Insights Pediatr. 2016;10:67–83. https://doi.org/10.4137/CMPed.S40070.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharma D., Shastri S., Sharma P. Intrauterine growth restriction: antenatal and postnatal aspects. Clin Med Insights Pediatr. 2016;10:67–83. https://doi.org/10.4137/CMPed.S40070.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Devaskar S.U., Chu A. Intrauterine growth restriction: hungry for an answer. Physiology (Bethesda). 2016;31(2):131–46. https://doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00033.2015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Devaskar S.U., Chu A. Intrauterine growth restriction: hungry for an answer. Physiology (Bethesda). 2016;31(2):131–46. https://doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00033.2015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Malhotra A., Allison B.J., Castillo-Melendez M. et al. Neonatal morbidities of fetal growth restriction: pathophysiology and impact. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2019;10:55. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2019.00055.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malhotra A., Allison B.J., Castillo-Melendez M. et al. Neonatal morbidities of fetal growth restriction: pathophysiology and impact. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2019;10:55. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2019.00055.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мелкозерова О.А., Башмакова Н.В., Третьякова Т.Б., Щедрина И.Д. Молекулярно-генетические и эпигенетические аспекты нарушения рецептивности эндометрия у женщин с низкой массой тела при рождении. Вопросы гинекологии, акушерства и перинатологии. 2019;18(4):35–43. https://doi.org/10.20953/1726-1678-2019-4-35-43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Melkozerova O.A., Bashmakova N.V., Tretyakova T.B., Shchedrina I.D. Molecular-genetic and epigenetic aspects of impaired endometrial receptivity in women with low birth weight. [Molekulyarnogeneticheskie i epigeneticheskie aspekty narusheniya receptivnosti endometriya u zhenshchin s nizkoj massoj tela pri rozhdenii]. Voprosy ginekologii, akusherstva i perinatologii. 2019;18(4):35–43. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.20953/1726-1678-2019-4-35-43.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Яворская С.Д., Долгова Н.С., Фадеева Н.И., Ананьина Л.П. Материнские клинико-анамнестические факторы формирования задержки роста плода. Вопросы гинекологии, акушерства и перинатологии. 2019;18(5):83–7. https://doi.org/10.20953/1726-1678-2019-5-83-87.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yavorskaya S.D., Dolgova N.S., Fadeeva N.I., Ananina L.P. Maternal clinical and anamnestic factors for intrauterine growth restriction. [Materinskie kliniko-anamnesticheskie faktory formirovaniya zaderzhki rosta ploda]. Voprosy ginekologii, akusherstva i perinatologii. 2019;18(5):83–7. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.20953/1726-1678-2019-5-83-87.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гусар В.А., Тимофеева А.В., Кан Н.Е. и др. Профиль экспрессии плацентарных микроРНК – регуляторов окислительного стресса при синдроме задержки роста плода. Акушерство и гинекология. 2019;(1):74–80. https://doi.org/10.18565/aig.2019.1.74-80.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gusar V.A., Timofeeva A.V., Kan N.E. et al. The expression profile of placental microRNAs as regulators of oxidative stress in fetal growth restriction. [Profil' ekspressii placentarnyh mikroRNK – regulyatorov okislitel'nogo stressa pri sindrome zaderzhki rosta ploda]. Akusherstvo i ginekologiya. 2019;(1):74–80. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.18565/aig.2019.1.74-80.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хачатрян З.В., Кан Н.Е., Красный А.М. и др. Метилирование генов в плаценте при задержке роста плода. Акушерство и гинекология. 2019;(12):54–8. https://doi.org/10.18565/aig.2019.12.54-58.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khachatryan Z.V., Kan N.E., Krasnyi A.M. et al. Gene methylation in the placenta of fetuses with fetal growth restriction. [Metilirovanie genov v placente pri zaderzhke rosta plod]. Akusherstvo i ginekologiya. 2019;(12):54–8. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.18565/aig.2019.12.54-58.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reshetnikov E., Zarudskaya O., Polonikov A. et al. Genetic markers for inherited thrombophilia are associated with fetal growth retardation in the population of Central Russia. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2017;43(7):1139–44. https://doi.org/10.1111/jog.13329.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reshetnikov E., Zarudskaya O., Polonikov A. et al. Genetic markers for inherited thrombophilia are associated with fetal growth retardation in the population of Central Russia. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2017;43(7):1139–44. https://doi.org/10.1111/jog.13329.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Малышкина А.И., Бойко Е.Л., Сотникова Н.Ю. и др. Продукция и секреция IL-10 в крови в зависимости от полиморфизма гена IL-10 А-1082G у женщин с задержкой роста плода. Акушерство и гинекология. 2019;(6):40–6. https://doi.org/10.18565/aig.2019.6.40-46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malyshkina A.I., Boiko E.L., Sotnikova N.Yu. et al. Interleukin-10 production and secretion in blood in relation to interleukin-10 A-1082G polymorphism in pregnant women with fetal growth restriction. [Produkciya i sekreciya IL-10 v krovi v zavisimosti ot polimorfizma gena IL-10 A-1082G u zhenshchin s zaderzhkoj rosta ploda]. Akusherstvo i ginekologiya. 2019;(6):40–6. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.18565/aig.2019.6.40-46.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сорокина И.Н., Рудых Н.А., Безменова И.Н., Полякова И.С. Популяционно-генетические характеристики и генетико-эпидемиологическое исследование ассоциаций генов-кандидатов с мультифакториальными заболеваниями. Научные результаты биомедицинских исследований. 2018;4(4):20–30. https://doi.org/10.18413/2313-8955-2018-4-4-0-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sorokina I.N., Rudykh N.A., Bezmenova I.N., Polyakova I.S. Population genetic characteristics and genetic epidemiological research of candidate genes associations with multifactorial diseases. [Populyacionno-geneticheskie harakteristiki i genetikoepidemiologicheskoe issledovanie associacij genov-kandidatov s mul'tifaktorial'nymi zabolevaniyami]. Nauchnye rezul'taty biomedicinskih issledovanij = Research Results in Biomedicine. 2018;4(4):20–30 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.18413/2313-8955-2018-4-4-0-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сереброва В.Н., Трифонова Е.А., Степанов В.А. Эволюционно-генетический анализ роли регуляторных участков гена CORO2A в формировании наследственной предрасположенности к преэклампсии у русских и якутов. Научные результаты биомедицинских исследований. 2018;4(3):38–48. https://doi.org/10.18413/2313-8955-2018-4-3-0-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Serebrova V.N., Trifonova E.A., Stepanov V.A. Evolutionary-genetic analysis of the role of regulatory regions in CORO2A gene in the development of hereditary predisposition to preeclampsia in Russian and Yakut ethnic groups. [Evolyucionno-geneticheskij analiz roli regulyatornyh uchastkov gena CORO2A v formirovanii nasledstvennoj predraspolozhennosti k preeklampsii u russkih i yakutov]. Nauchnye rezul'taty biomedicinskih issledovanij = Research Results in Biomedicine. 2018;4(3):38–48. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.18413/2313-8955-2018-4-3-0-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пономаренко И.В., Решетников Е.А., Полоников А.В., Чурносов М.И. Полиморфный локус rs314276 гена LIN28B ассоциирован с возрастом менархе у женщин Центрального Черноземья России. Акушерство и гинекология. 2019;(2):98–104. https://doi.org/10.18565/aig.2019.2.98-104.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ponomarenko I.V., Reshetnikov E.A., Polonikov A.V., Churnosov M.I. The polymorphic locus rs314276 of the LIN28B gene is associated with the age of menarche in women in the Central Black Earth Region of Russia. [Polimorfnyj lokus rs314276 gena LIN28B associirovan s vozrastom menarhe u zhenshchin Central'nogo Chernozem'ya Rossii]. Akusherstvo i ginekologiya. 2019;(2):98–104. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.18565/aig.2019.2.98-104.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ponomarenko I.V., Reshetnikov E.A., Altuchova O.B. et al. Association of genetic polymorphisms with age at menarche in Russian women. Gene. 2019;686:228–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2018.11.042.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ponomarenko I.V., Reshetnikov E.A., Altuchova O.B. et al. Association of genetic polymorphisms with age at menarche in Russian women. Gene. 2019;686:228–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2018.11.042.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пономаренко И.В., Полоников А.В., Чурносов М.И. Полиморфные локусы гена LHCGR, ассоциированные с развитием миомы матки. Акушерство и гинекология. 2018;(10):86–91. https://doi.org/10.18565/aig.2018.10.86-91.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ponomarenko I.V., Polonikov A.V., Churnosov M.I. Polymorphic LHCGR gene loci associated with the development of uterine fibroids. [Polimorfnye lokusy gena LHCGR, associirovannye s razvitiem miomy matki]. Akusherstvo i ginekologiya. 2018;(10):86–91. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.18565/aig.2018.10.86-91.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Довжикова И.В., Андриевская И.А. Рецепторы эстрогенов (обзор литературы). Часть 1. Бюллетень физиологии и патологии дыхания. 2018;(72):120–7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dovzhikova I.V., Andrievskaya I.A. Estrogen receptors (review). Part 1. [Receptory estrogenov (obzor literatury). Chast' 1]. Byulleten' fiziologii i patologii dyhaniya. 2018;(72):120–7. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Довжикова И.В., Андриевская И.А. Рецепторы эстрогенов (обзор литературы). Часть 2. Бюллетень физиологии и патологии дыхания. 2018;(73):125–33.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dovzhikova I.V., Andrievskaya I.A. Estrogen receptors (review). Part 2. [Receptory estrogenov (obzor literatury). Chast' 2]. Byulleten' fiziologii i patologii dyhaniya. 2018;(73):125–33. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akram S.K., Sahlin L., Ostlund E. et al. Placental IGF-I, estrogen receptor, and progesterone receptor expression, and maternal anthropometry in growth-restricted pregnancies in the Swedish population. Horm Res Paediatr. 2011;75(2):131−7. https://doi.org/10.1159/000320466.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akram S.K., Sahlin L., Ostlund E. et al. Placental IGF-I, estrogen receptor, and progesterone receptor expression, and maternal anthropometry in growth-restricted pregnancies in the Swedish population. Horm Res Paediatr. 2011;75(2):131−7. https://doi.org/10.1159/000320466.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhao G., Cai Y., Liu J., Meng T. Association between the estrogen receptor α gene polymorphisms rs2234693 and rs9340799 and severe and mild pre-eclampsia: a meta-analysis. Biosci Rep. 2019;39(2):BSR20181548. https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20181548.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">20. Zhao G., Cai Y., Liu J., Meng T. Association between the estrogen receptor α gene polymorphisms rs2234693 and rs9340799 and severe and mild pre-eclampsia: a meta-analysis. Biosci Rep. 2019;39(2):BSR20181548. https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20181548.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rafnar T., Gunnarsson B., Stefansson O.A. et al. Variants associating with uterine leiomyoma highlight genetic background shared by various cancers and hormone-related traits. Nat Commun. 2018;9(1):3636. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05428-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rafnar T., Gunnarsson B., Stefansson O.A. et al. Variants associating with uterine leiomyoma highlight genetic background shared by various cancers and hormone-related traits. Nat Commun. 2018;9(1):3636. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05428-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fejerman L., Ahmadiyeh N., Hu D. et al. Genome-wide association study of breast cancer in Latinas identifies novel protective variants on 6q25. Nat Commun. 2014;5:5260. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms6260.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fejerman L., Ahmadiyeh N., Hu D. et al. Genome-wide association study of breast cancer in Latinas identifies novel protective variants on 6q25. Nat Commun. 2014;5:5260. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms6260.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sapkota Y., Steinthorsdottir V., Morris A.P. et al. Meta-analysis identifies five novel loci associated with endometriosis highlighting key genes involved in hormone metabolism. Nat Commun. 2017a;8:15539. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15539.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sapkota Y., Steinthorsdottir V., Morris A.P. et al. Meta-analysis identifies five novel loci associated with endometriosis highlighting key genes involved in hormone metabolism. Nat Commun. 2017a;8:15539. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15539.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krivoshei I.V., Altuchova O.B., Golovchenko O.V. et al. Genetic factors of hysteromyoma. Res J Med Sci. 2015;9 (4):182–5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krivoshei I.V., Altuchova O.B., Golovchenko O.V. et al. Genetic factors of hysteromyoma. Res J Med Sci. 2015;9 (4):182–5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Välimäki N., Kuisma H., Pasanen A. et al. Genetic predisposition to uterine leiomyoma is determined by loci for genitourinary development and genome stability. Elife. 2018;7:e37110. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.37110.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Välimäki N., Kuisma H., Pasanen A. et al. Genetic predisposition to uterine leiomyoma is determined by loci for genitourinary development and genome stability. Elife. 2018;7:e37110. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.37110.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Churnosov M.I., Altuchova O.B., Demakova N.A. et al. Associations of cytokines genetic variants with myomatous knots sizes. Res J Pharm Biol Chem Sci. 2014;5(6) 1344–7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Churnosov M.I., Altuchova O.B., Demakova N.A. et al. Associations of cytokines genetic variants with myomatous knots sizes. Res J Pharm Biol Chem Sci. 2014;5(6) 1344–7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gallagher C.S., Mäkinen N., Harris H.R. et al. Genome-wide association and epidemiological analyses reveal common genetic origins between uterine leiomyomata and endometriosis. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1):4857. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12536-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gallagher C.S., Mäkinen N., Harris H.R. et al. Genome-wide association and epidemiological analyses reveal common genetic origins between uterine leiomyomata and endometriosis. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1):4857. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12536-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krivoshei I.V., Altuchova O.B., Polonikov A.V., Churnosov M.I. Bioinformatic analysis of the liability to the hyperplastic processes of the uterus. Res J Pharm Biol Chem Sci. 2015;6(5):1563–6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krivoshei I.V., Altuchova O.B., Polonikov A.V., Churnosov M.I. Bioinformatic analysis of the liability to the hyperplastic processes of the uterus. Res J Pharm Biol Chem Sci. 2015;6(5):1563–6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пономаренко И.В., Решетников Е.А., Полоников А.В. и др. Полиморфизм гена ESR1 ассоциирован с возрастом менархе у женщин России. Вопросы гинекологии, акушерства и перинатологии. 2019;18(5) 29–34. https://doi.org/10.20953/1726-1678-2019-5-29-34.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ponomarenko I.V., Reshetnikov E.A., Polonikov A.V. et al. The ESR1 gene polymorphism is associated with the age of menarche in Russian women. [Polimorfizm gena ESR1 associirovan s vozrastom menarhe u zhenshchin Rossii]. Voprosy ginekologii, akusherstva i perinatologii. 2019;18(5) 29–34. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.20953/1726-1678-2019-5-29-34.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пономаренко И.В., Полоников А.В., Чурносов М.И. Ассоциация полиморфизма rs4986938 гена ESR2 с развитием гиперплазии эндометрия. Акушерство и гинекология. 2019;4:66–72. https://doi.org/10.18565/aig.2019.4.66-72.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ponomarenko I.V., Polonikov A.V., Churnosov M.I. Association of ESR2 rs4986938 polymorphism with the development of endometrial hyperplasia. [Associaciya polimorfizma rs4986938 gena ESR2 s razvitiem giperplazii endometriya]. Akusherstvo i ginekologiya. 2019;4:66–72. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.18565/aig.2019.4.66-72.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
