akusherstvoObstetrics, Gynecology and ReproductionАкушерство, Гинекология и Репродукция2313-73472500-3194IRBIS LLC10.17749/2313-7347/ob.gyn.rep.2020.186akusherstvo-879Research ArticleREVIEW ARTICLEНАУЧНЫЙ ОБЗОРPhytoestrogens in treatment of climacteric syndrome as an alternative to menopausal hormone therapyФитоэстрогены в лечении климактерического синдрома как альтернатива гормональной терапииhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9608-2076МазитоваМ. И.MazitovaM. I.

Мазитова Мадина Ирековна – д.м.н., профессор, профессор кафедры акушерства и гинекологии

Казань 420015, ул. Бутлерова, д. 36

Madina I. Mazitova – MD, Dr Sci Med, Professor, Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology

36, Butlerova Str., Kazan 420015

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9266-2906ТалиповаИ. Р.TalipovaI. R.

Талипова Ильсеяр Рашитовна – акушер-гинеколог

420138 Казань, ул. Юлиуса Фучика, д. 53а

Ilseiar R.Talipova – MD, Obstetrician-Gynecologist

53a Yulius Fuchik Str., Kazan 420138

ilseiar.nizamova@gmail.comМардиеваР. Р.MardievaR. R.

Мардиева Резеда Робертовна – ассистент кафедры акушерства и гинекологии

Казань 420015, ул. Бутлерова, д. 36;

врач акушер-гинеколог

420103 Казань, ул. маршала Чуйкова, д. 54

Reseda R. Mardieva – MD, Assistant, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology;

36, Butlerova Str., Kazan 420015;

54 Marshal Chuikov Str., Kazan 420103

Казанская государственная медицинская академия – филиал ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияKazan State Medical Academy – Branch of Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Health Ministry of Russian FederationRussian FederationООО «Лечебно-диагностический центр "Разумед"»РоссияMedical and Diagnostic Center "Razumed" LLCRussian FederationКазанская государственная медицинская академия – филиал ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; ГАУЗ «Городская клиническая больница № 7»РоссияKazan State Medical Academy – Branch of Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Health Ministry of Russian Federation; City Clinical Hospital № 7Russian Federation202009012021146685693Copyright © Mazitova M.I., Talipova I.R., Mardieva R.R., 20212021Мазитова М.И., Талипова И.Р., Мардиева Р.Р.Mazitova M.I., Talipova I.R., Mardieva R.R.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.gynecology.su/jour/article/view/879

Here we review Russia-wide and international publications released over the last 5 years dedicated to phytoestrogens used in treatment of climacteric syndrome. Effects of isoflavones as the most examined agents are discussed acting on vasomotor, cognitive, psychological, urogenital and sexual symptoms as well as on the cardiovascular system, bones, and metabolic age-related changes. Despite obtaining controversial data resulting from the analysis, it may be concluded phytoestrogens hold promise as an alternative to menopausal hormone therapy. It is reasonable to conduct further extensive studies to evaluate efficacy and safety of using plant-derived compounds in postmenopausal women.

В рамках данной статьи произведен обзор зарубежной и отечественной литературы за последние 5 лет на тему применения фитоэстрогенов для лечения климактерического синдрома. Рассмотрено воздействие изофлавонов, как наиболее изученного класса этих веществ, на вазомоторные, психологические, урогенитальные, сексуальные и когнитивные симптомы, а также их влияние на сердечно-сосудистую систему, костную ткань и метаболические возрастные изменения. Несмотря на то что в результате анализа получены разноречивые данные, можно сделать выводы о перспективности рассмотрения фитоэстрогенов в качестве альтернативы менопаузальной гормональной терапии и целесообразности проведения дальнейших обширных исследований для более точной оценки их эффективности и безопасности.

менопаузапостменопаузаклимактерический синдромфитоэстрогеныизофлавоныmenopausepostmenopauseclimacteric syndromephytoestrogensisoflavonesReferencesРоссия в цифрах. 2020. Краткий статистический сборник. М.: Росстат, 2020. 550 с. Режим доступа: https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/GOyirKPV/Rus_2020.pdf. [Дата доступа: 05.11.2020].Russia in numerals. 2020. Short statistics digest. [Rossiya v cifrah. 2020. Kratkij statisticheskij sbornik]. Moskva: Rosstat, 2020. 550 s. (In Russ.). Available at: https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/GOyirKPV/Rus_2020.pdf. [Accessed: 05.11.2020].Прилепская В.Н. Климактерический синдром: инновации в менопаузальной терапии. РМЖ. Мать и дитя. 2017;25(2):105–8.Prilepskaya V.N Climacteric syndrome: novel modalities for menopausal therapy. [Klimaktericheskij sindrom: innovacii v menopauzal'noj terapii]. RMZh. Mat' i ditya. 2017;25(2):105–8. (In Russ.).Радзинский В.Е., Ордиянц И.М. Лечение климактерических расстройств в менопаузе. РМЖ. 2018;26(5–1):37–40.Radzinsky V.E., Ordiyants I.M. Treatment of climacteric disorders in menopause. [Lechenie klimaktericheskih rasstrojstv v menopause]. RMZh. 2018;26(5–1):37–40. (In Russ.).Franco O.H., Chowdhury R., Troup J. et al. Use of plant-based therapies and menopausal symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2016;315(23):2554–63.Franco O.H., Chowdhury R., Troup J. et al. Use of plant-based therapies and menopausal symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2016;315(23):2554–63. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.8012.Ковалева Л.А. Дополнительные возможности терапии климактерического синдрома. Медицинский алфавит. 2017;3(23):42–5.Kovalyova L.A. Additional options for climacteric syndrome treatment. [Dopolnitel'nye vozmozhnosti terapii klimaktericheskogo sindroma]. Medicinskij alfavit. 2017;3(23):42–5. (In Russ.).Зайдиева Я.З. Альтернативная терапия менопаузальных расстройств у женщин в климактерии. РМЖ. Мать и дитя. 2017;(12):873–8.Zaydieva Ya.Z. Alternative therapy of menopausal disorders in women of climacterical age (literature review). [Al'ternativnaya terapiya menopauzal'nyh rasstrojstv u zhenshchin v klimakterii]. RMZh. Mat' i ditya. 2017;(12):873–8. (In Russ.).Кузнецова И.В. Гормоны или негормональные средства в климактерии? Медицинский алфавит. 2016;2(17):6–12.Kuznetsova I.V. Hormones or non-hormonal agents in menopause? [Gormony ili negormonal'nye sredstva v klimakterii?]. Medicinskij alfavit. 2016;2(17):6–12. (In Russ.).Adlercreutz H., Hamalainen E., Gorbach S., Goldin B. Dietary phytoestrogens and the menopause in Japan. Lancet.1992;339(8803):1233. https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(92)91174-7.Adlercreutz H., Hamalainen E., Gorbach S., Goldin B. Dietary phytoestrogens and the menopause in Japan. Lancet.1992;339(8803):1233. https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(92)91174-7.Дикке Г.Б. Менопаузальный синдром: симптомы и механизм их возникновения – ключ к пониманию альтернатив патогенетического лечения. РМЖ. Мать и дитя. 2019;(2):57–64.Dikke G.B. Menopausal syndrome: associated symptoms and their mechanisms are the keys to comprehend alternative pathogenic treatment. [Menopauzal'nyj sindrom: simptomy i mekhanizm ih vozniknoveniya – klyuch k ponimaniyu al'ternativ patogeneticheskogo lecheniya]. RMZh. Mat' i ditya. 2019;(2):57–64. https://doi.org/10.32364/2618-8430-2019-2-1-57-64. (In Russ.).Lock M. Menopause: lessons from anthropology. Psychosom Med. 1998;60(4):410–9. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006842-199807000-00005.Lock M. Menopause: lessons from anthropology. Psychosom Med. 1998;60(4):410–9. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006842-199807000-00005.Avis N.E., Kaufert P.A., Lock M. et al. The evolution of menopausal symptoms. In: Balliere's Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. Ed. H. Burger. 1993;7(1):17–32. London: Harcourt, Brace Jovanovich Publishers, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-351X(05)80268-X.Avis N.E., Kaufert P.A., Lock M. et al. The evolution of menopausal symptoms. In: Balliere's Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. Ed. H. Burger. 1993;7(1):17–32. London: Harcourt, Brace Jovanovich Publishers, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-351X(05)80268-X.Morton M.S., Arisaka O., Miyake N. et al. Phytoestrogen concentrations in serum from Japanese men and women over forty years of age. J Nutr. 2002;132(10):3168–71. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/131.10.3168.Morton M.S., Arisaka O., Miyake N. et al. Phytoestrogen concentrations in serum from Japanese men and women over forty years of age. J Nutr. 2002;132(10):3168–71. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/131.10.3168.Parkin D.M. Global cancer statistics in the year 2000. Lancet Oncol. 2001;2(9):533–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(01)00486-7.Parkin D.M. Global cancer statistics in the year 2000. Lancet Oncol. 2001;2(9):533–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(01)00486-7.Ajiki W., Yamamoto S. Cancer statistics digest. Breast cancer incidence for females in Japan. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 1999;29(4):238a.Ajiki W., Yamamoto S. Cancer statistics digest. Breast cancer incidence for females in Japan. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 1999;29(4):238a.Bray F., McCarron P., Parkin D.M. The changing global patterns of female breast cancer incidence and mortality. Breast Cancer Res. 2004;6(6):229–39. https://doi.org/10.1186/bcr932.Bray F., McCarron P., Parkin D.M. The changing global patterns of female breast cancer incidence and mortality. Breast Cancer Res. 2004;6(6):229–39. https://doi.org/10.1186/bcr932.Estrada-Camarena E., López-Rubalcava C., Valdés-Sustaita B. et al. Use of phytoestrogens for the treatment of psychiatric symptoms associated with menopause transition. In: A Multidisciplinary Look at Menopause. Eds. J.F. Rodriguez-Landa, J. Cueto-Escobedo. InTech, 2017. 81–109. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.69541.Estrada-Camarena E., López-Rubalcava C., Valdés-Sustaita B. et al. Use of phytoestrogens for the treatment of psychiatric symptoms associated with menopause transition. In: A Multidisciplinary Look at Menopause. Eds. J.F. Rodriguez-Landa, J. Cueto-Escobedo. InTech, 2017. 81–109. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.69541.Kolátorová L., Lapčík O., Stárka L. Phytoestrogens and the intestinal microbiome. Physiol Res. 2018;67(Suppl 3):S401–S408. https://doi.org/10.33549/physiolres.934022.Kolátorová L., Lapčík O., Stárka L. Phytoestrogens and the intestinal microbiome. Physiol Res. 2018;67(Suppl 3):S401–S408. https://doi.org/ 10.33549/physiolres.934022.Keshavarz Z., Golezar S., Hajifoghaha M., Alizadeh S. The effect of phytoestrogens on menopause symptoms: A systematic review. J Isfahan Med Sch. 2018;36(477):446–59. https://doi.org/10.22122/jims.v36i477.9503.Keshavarz Z., Golezar S., Hajifoghaha M., Alizadeh S. The effect of phytoestrogens on menopause symptoms: A systematic review. J Isfahan Med Sch. 2018;36(477):446–59. https://doi.org/10.22122/jims.v36i477.9503.Křížová L., Dadáková K., Kašparovská J., Kašparovský T. Isoflavones. Molecules. 2019;24(6):1076. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24061076.Křížová L., Dadáková K., Kašparovská J., Kašparovský T. Isoflavones. Molecules. 2019;24(6):1076. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24061076.Frankenfeld C.L. Cardiometabolic risk and gut microbial phytoestrogen metabolite phenotypes. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2017;61(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201500900.Frankenfeld C.L. Cardiometabolic risk and gut microbial phytoestrogen metabolite phenotypes. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2017;61(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201500900.Schmidt M., Arjomand-Wolkart K., Birkhauser M.H. et al. Consensus: Soy isoflavones as a first-line approach to the treatment of menopausal vasomotor complaints. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2016;32(6):427–30. https://doi.org/10.3109/09513590.2016.1152240.Schmidt M., Arjomand-Wolkart K., Birkhauser M.H. et al. Consensus: Soy isoflavones as a first-line approach to the treatment of menopausal vasomotor complaints. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2016;32(6):427–30. https://doi.org/10.3109/09513590.2016.1152240.Pons D.G., Vilanova-Llompart J., Gaya-Bover A. et al. The phytoestrogen genistein affects inflammatory-related genes expression depending on the ERα/ERβ ratio in breast cancer cells. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2019;70(8):941–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/09637486.2019.1597025.Pons D.G., Vilanova-Llompart J., Gaya-Bover A. et al. The phytoestrogen genistein affects inflammatory-related genes expression depending on the ERα/ERβ ratio in breast cancer cells. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2019;70(8):941–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/09637486.2019.1597025.Bansal R., Aggarwal N. Menopausal hot flashes: A concise review. J Midlife Health. 2019;10(1):6–13. https://doi.org/10.4103/jmh.JMH_7_19.Bansal R., Aggarwal N. Menopausal hot flashes: A concise review. J Midlife Health. 2019;10(1):6–13. https://doi.org/10.4103/jmh.JMH_7_19.McGarry K., Geary M., Gopinath V. Beyond estrogen: treatment options for hot flashes. Clin Ther. 2018;40(10):1778–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2018.08.010.McGarry K., Geary M., Gopinath V. Beyond estrogen: treatment options for hot flashes. Clin Ther. 2018;40(10):1778–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2018.08.010.Древаль А.В. Менопауза (лекция). РМЖ. 2018;1(I):3–7.Dreval A.V. Menopause (lecture). [Menopauza (lekciya)]. RMZh. 2018;1(I):3–7. (In Russ.).Smith R.L., Gallicchio L., Miller S.R. et al. Risk factors for extended duration and timing of peak severity of hot flashes. PLoS One. 2016;11(5):e0155079. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0155079.Smith R.L., Gallicchio L., Miller S.R. et al. Risk factors for extended duration and timing of peak severity of hot flashes. PLoS One. 2016;11(5):e0155079. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0155079.Daily J.W., Ko B.S., Ryuk J. et al. Equol decreases hot flashes in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. J Med Food. 2019;22(2):127–39. https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2018.4265.Daily J.W., Ko B.S., Ryuk J. et al. Equol decreases hot flashes in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. J Med Food. 2019;22(2):127–39. https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2018.4265.Hemati N., Asis M., Moradi S. et al. Effects of genistein on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Food Res Int. 2020;128:108764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108764.Hemati N., Asis M., Moradi S. et al. Effects of genistein on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Food Res Int. 2020;128:108764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108764.Palma F., Fontanesi F., Neri I. et al. Blood pressure and cardiovascular risk factors in women treated for climacteric symptoms with acupuncture, phytoestrogens, or hormones. Menopause. 2020 Aug 17. https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000001626. [Online ahead of print].Palma F., Fontanesi F., Neri I. et al. Blood pressure and cardiovascular risk factors in women treated for climacteric symptoms with acupuncture, phytoestrogens, or hormones. Menopause. 2020 Aug 17. https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000001626. [Online ahead of print].Lu L.W., Chen N.W., Nayeem F. et al. Soy isoflavones interact with calcium and contribute to blood pressure homeostasis in women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Eur J Nutr. 2020;59(6):2369–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-019-02085-3.Lu L.W., Chen N.W., Nayeem F. et al. Soy isoflavones interact with calcium and contribute to blood pressure homeostasis in women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Eur J Nutr. 2020;59(6):2369–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-019-02085-3.Myers S.P., Vigar V. Effects of a standardised extract of Trifolium pratense (Promensil) at a dosage of 80 mg in the treatment of menopausal hot flushes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytomedicine. 2017;24:141–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2016.12.003.Myers S.P., Vigar V. Effects of a standardised extract of Trifolium pratense (Promensil) at a dosage of 80 mg in the treatment of menopausal hot flushes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytomedicine. 2017;24:141–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2016.12.003.Davinelli S., Scapagnini G., Marzatico F. et al. Influence of equol and resveratrol supplementation on health-related quality of life in menopausal women: A randomized, placebo-controlled study. Maturitas. 2017;96:77–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.11.016.Davinelli S., Scapagnini G., Marzatico F. et al. Influence of equol and resveratrol supplementation on health-related quality of life in menopausal women: A randomized, placebo-controlled study. Maturitas. 2017;96:77–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.11.016.Cui C., Birru R.L., Snitz B.E. et al. Effects of soy isoflavones on cognitive function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Rev. 2020;78(2):134–44. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuz050.Cui C., Birru R.L., Snitz B.E. et al. Effects of soy isoflavones on cognitive function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Rev. 2020;78(2):134–44. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuz050.Najafi M. N., Ghazanfarpour M. Effect of phytoestrogens on sexual function in menopausal women: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Climacteric. 2018;21(5):437–45. https://doi.org/10.1080/13697137.2018.1472566.Najafi M.N., Ghazanfarpour M. Effect of phytoestrogens on sexual function in menopausal women: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Climacteric. 2018;21(5):437–45. https://doi.org/10.1080/13697137.2018.1472566.Dizavandi F.R., Ghazanfarpour M., Roozbeh N. et al. An overview of the phytoestrogen effect on vaginal health and dyspareunia in peri- and post-menopausal women. Post Reprod Health. 2019;25(1):11–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/2053369118823365.Dizavandi F.R., Ghazanfarpour M., Roozbeh N. et al. An overview of the phytoestrogen effect on vaginal health and dyspareunia in peri- and post-menopausal women. Post Reprod Health. 2019;25(1):11–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/2053369118823365.Caruso S., Cianci S., Fava V. et al. Vaginal health of postmenopausal women on nutraceutical containing equol. Menopause. 2018;25(4):430–5. https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000001061.Caruso S., Cianci S., Fava V et al. Vaginal health of postmenopausal women on nutraceutical containing equol. Menopause. 2018;25(4):430–5. https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000001061.Luís A., Domingues F., Pereira L. Effects of red clover on perimenopausal and postmenopausal women’s blood lipid profile: A meta-analysis. Climacteric. 2018;21(5):446–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/13697137.2018.1501673.Luís A., Domingues F., Pereira L. Effects of red clover on perimenopausal and postmenopausal women’s blood lipid profile: A meta-analysis. Climacteric. 2018;21(5):446–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/13697137.2018.1501673.Glisic M., Kastrati N., Gonzalez-Jaramillo V. et al. Associations between phytoestrogens, glucose homeostasis, and risk of diabetes in women: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Adv Nutr. 2018;9(6):726–40. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmy048.Glisic M., Kastrati N., Gonzalez-Jaramillo V. et al. Associations between phytoestrogens, glucose homeostasis, and risk of diabetes in women: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Adv Nutr. 2018;9(6):726–40. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmy048.Glisic M., Kastrati N., Musa J. et al. Phytoestrogen supplementation and body composition in postmenopausal women: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Maturitas. 2018;115:74–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.06.012.Glisic M., Kastrati N., Musa J. et al. Phytoestrogen supplementation and body composition in postmenopausal women: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Maturitas. 2018;115:74–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.06.012.De Gregorio C., Marini H., Alibrandi A. et al. Genistein supplementation and cardiac function in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome: results from a pilot strain-echo study. Nutrients. 2017;9(6):584. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9060584.De Gregorio C., Marini H., Alibrandi A. et al. Genistein supplementation and cardiac function in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome: results from a pilot strain-echo study. Nutrients. 2017;9(6):584. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9060584.Кузнецова И.В., Войченко Н.А., Кириллова М.Ю. Качество жизни и кардиоваскулярный риск у женщин в периодах менопаузального перехода и постменопаузы. Медицинский алфавит. 2020;(4):39–45. https://doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2020-4-39-35.Kuznetsova I.V., Voichenko N.A., Kirillova M.Yu. Quality of life and cardiovascular risk in women during menopausal transition and postmenopause. [Kachestvo zhizni i kardiovaskulyarnyj risk u zhenshchin v periodah menopauzal'nogo perekhoda i postmenopauzy]. Medicinskij alfavit. 2020;(4):39–45. https://doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2020-4-39-35. (In Russ.).Myasoedova V.A., Kirichenko T.V., Melnichenko A.A. et al. Antiatherosclerotic effects of a phytoestrogen-rich herbal preparation in postmenopausal women. Int J Mol Sci. 2016;17(8):1318. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17081318.Myasoedova V.A., Kirichenko T.V., Melnichenko A.A. et al. Antiatherosclerotic effects of a phytoestrogen-rich herbal preparation in postmenopausal women. Int J Mol Sci. 2016;17(8):1318. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17081318.Wang T., Liu Q., Tjhioe W. et al. Therapeutic potential and outlook of alternative medicine for osteoporosis. Curr Drug Targets. 2017;18(9):1051–68. https://doi.org/10.2174/1389450118666170321105425.Wang T., Liu Q., Tjhioe W. et al. Therapeutic potential and outlook of alternative medicine for osteoporosis. Curr Drug Targets. 2017;18(9):1051–68. https://doi.org/10.2174/1389450118666170321105425.Lambert M.N.T, Jeppesen P.B. Isoflavones and bone health in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2018;21(6):475–80. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0000000000000513.Lambert M.N.T, Jeppesen P.B. Isoflavones and bone health in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2018;21(6):475–80. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0000000000000513.Abdi F., Alimoradi Z., Haqi P., Mahdizad F. Effects of phytoestrogens on bone mineral density during the menopause transition: a systematic review of randomized, controlled trials. Climacteric. 2016;19(6):535–45. https://doi.org/10.1080/13697137.2016.1238451.Abdi F., Alimoradi Z., Haqi P., Mahdizad F. Effects of phytoestrogens on bone mineral density during the menopause transition: a systematic review of randomized, controlled trials. Climacteric. 2016;19(6):535–45. https://doi.org/10.1080/13697137.2016.1238451.Jaiswal N., Akhtar J., Singh S.P. et al. An overview on genistein and its various formulations. Drug Res (Stuttg). 2019;69(6):305-313. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-0797-3657.46. Jaiswal N., Akhtar J., Singh S.P. et al. An overview on genistein and its various formulations. Drug Res (Stuttg). 2019;69(6):305-313. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-0797-3657.Filipović B., Šošić-Jurjević. B., Ajdžanović V. et al. The phytoestrogen genistein prevents trabecular bone loss and affects thyroid follicular cells in a male rat model of osteoporosis. J Anat. 2018;233(2):204–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12828.Filipović B., Šošić-Jurjević. B., Ajdžanović V. et al. The phytoestrogen genistein prevents trabecular bone loss and affects thyroid follicular cells in a male rat model of osteoporosis. J Anat. 2018;233(2):204–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12828.Liu T., Li N., Yan Y.Q. et al. Recent advances in the anti-aging effects of phytoestrogens on collagen, water content, and oxidative stress. Phytother Res. 2020;34(3):435–47. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6538.Liu T., Li N., Yan Y.Q. et al. Recent advances in the anti-aging effects of phytoestrogens on collagen, water content, and oxidative stress. Phytother Res. 2020;34(3):435–47. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6538.Lephart E.D. Resveratrol, 4′ acetoxy resveratrol, R-equol, racemic equol or S-equol as cosmeceuticals to improve dermal health. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18(6):1193. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18061193.Lephart E.D. Resveratrol, 4′ acetoxy resveratrol, R-equol, racemic equol or S-equol as cosmeceuticals to improve dermal health. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18(6):1193. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18061193.Yao R., Tanaka M., Misawa E. et al. Daily ingestion of aloe vera gel powder containing aloe sterols prevents skin photoaging in OVX hairless mice. J Food Sci. 2016;81(11):H2849–H2857. https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.13527.Yao R., Tanaka M., Misawa E. et al. Daily ingestion of aloe vera gel powder containing aloe sterols prevents skin photoaging in OVX hairless mice. J Food Sci. 2016;81(11):H2849–H2857. https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.13527.Savoia P., Raina G., Camillo L. et al. Anti-oxidative effects of 17 β-estradiol and genistein in human skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes. J Dermatol Sci. 2018;92(1):62–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdermsci.2018.07.007.Savoia P., Raina G., Camillo L. et al. Anti-oxidative effects of 17 β-estradiol and genistein in human skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes. J Dermatol Sci. 2018;92(1):62–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdermsci.2018.07.007.Štulíková K., Karabín M., Nešpor J., Dostálek P. Therapeutic perspectives of 8-prenylnaringenin, a potent phytoestrogen from hops. Molecules. 2018;23(3):660. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23030660.Štulíková K., Karabín M., Nešpor J., Dostálek P. Therapeutic perspectives of 8-prenylnaringenin, a potent phytoestrogen from hops. Molecules. 2018;23(3):660. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23030660.Dietz B.M., Hajirahimkhan A., Dunlap T.L., Bolton J.L. Botanicals and their bioactive phytochemicals for women's health. Pharmacol Rev. 2016;68(4):1026–73. https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.115.010843.Dietz B.M., Hajirahimkhan A., Dunlap T.L., Bolton J.L. Botanicals and their bioactive phytochemicals for women's health. Pharmacol Rev. 2016;68(4):1026–73. https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.115.010843.Gaya P., Medina M., Sánchez-Jiménez A., Landete J.M. Phytoestrogen metabolism by adult human gut microbiota. Molecules. 2016;21(8):1034. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21081034.Gaya P., Medina M., Sánchez-Jiménez A., Landete J.M. Phytoestrogen metabolism by adult human gut microbiota. Molecules. 2016;21(8):1034. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21081034.Chang V.C., Cotterchio M., Boucher B.A. et al. Effect of dietary flaxseed intake on circulating sex hormone levels among postmenopausal women: A randomized controlled intervention trial. Nutr Cancer. 2019;71(3):385–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2018.1516789.Chang V.C., Cotterchio M., Boucher B.A. et al. Effect of dietary flaxseed intake on circulating sex hormone levels among postmenopausal women: A randomized controlled intervention trial. Nutr Cancer. 2019;71(3):385–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2018.1516789.Evans H.M., Howe P.R., Wong R.H. Effects of resveratrol on cognitive performance, mood and cerebrovascular function in post-menopausal women; a 14-week randomized placebo-controlled intervention trial. Nutrients. 2017;9(1):27. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9010027.Evans H.M., Howe P.R., Wong R.H. Effects of resveratrol on cognitive performance, mood and cerebrovascular function in post-menopausal women; a 14-week randomized placebo-controlled intervention trial. Nutrients. 2017;9(1):27. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9010027.Wong R.H., Thaung Zaw J.J., Xian C.J., Howe P.R. Regular supplementation with resveratrol improves bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Bone Miner Res. 21 June 2020. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.4115.Wong R.H., Thaung Zaw J.J., Xian C.J., Howe P.R. Regular supplementation with resveratrol improves bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Bone Miner Res. 21 June 2020. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.4115.Wong R.H.X., Evans H.M., Howe P.R.C. Resveratrol supplementation reduces pain experience by postmenopausal women. Menopause. 2017;24(8):916–22. https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000000861.Wong R.H.X., Evans H.M., Howe P.R.C. Resveratrol supplementation reduces pain experience by postmenopausal women. Menopause. 2017;24(8):916–22. https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000000861.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.