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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">akusherstvo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Акушерство, Гинекология и Репродукция</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2313-7347</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3194</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IRBIS LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17749/2313-7347.2019.13.4.369-383</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">akusherstvo-604</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL CASE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЙ СЛУЧАЙ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Difficulties in the differential diagnosis of tumors in the female reproductive system</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Cложности дифференциальной диагностики опухолей женской репродуктивной системы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9810-3029</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Носова</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nosova</surname><given-names>Ju. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Носова Юлия Витальевна – аспирант отделения инновационной онкологии и гинекологии</p><p>Россия, 117997 Москва, ул. академика Опарина, д. 4.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Julia V. Nosova – Postgraduate Student, Department of Innovative Oncology and Gynecology</p><p>4 Akademika Oparina St., Moscow 117997, Russia.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4768-115X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Солопова</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Solopova</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Солопова Алина Евгеньевна – д.м.н., доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник отделения лучевой диагностики</p><p>Россия, 117997 Москва, ул. академика Опарина, д. 4.</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57194196522. Researcher ID: P-8659-2015.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alina E. Solopova – MD, PhD, Leading Researcher, Department of Radiology</p><p>4 Akademika Oparina St., Moscow 117997, Russia</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57194196522. Researcher ID: P-8659-2015.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.solopova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хабас</surname><given-names>Г. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khabas</surname><given-names>G. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хабас Григорий Николаевич – к.м.н., зав. отделением инновационной онкологии и гинекологии</p><p>Россия, 117997 Москва, ул. академика Опарина, д. 4.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Grigorii N. Khabas – PhD, Head of Department of Innovative Oncology and Gynecology</p><p>4 Akademika Oparina St., Moscow 117997, Russia.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8739-5209</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Асатурова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Asaturova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Асатурова Александра Вячеславовна – к.м.н., старший научный сотрудник патологоанатомического отделения</p><p>Россия, 117997 Москва, ул. академика Опарина, д. 4.</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57190118907.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandra V. Asaturova – PhD, Senior Researcher, Department of Pathology</p><p>4 Akademika Oparina St., Moscow 117997, Russia.</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57190118907.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии имени академика В.И. Кулакова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov, Health Ministry of Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>369</fpage><lpage>383</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Nosova J.V., Solopova A.E., Khabas G.N., Asaturova A.V., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Носова Ю.В., Солопова А.Е., Хабас Г.Н., Асатурова А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nosova J.V., Solopova A.E., Khabas G.N., Asaturova A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gynecology.su/jour/article/view/604">https://www.gynecology.su/jour/article/view/604</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Most pelvic tumors originate from reproductive organs. Even using the up-to-date imaging techniques, radiologists experience difficulties in determining the source of the lesion since a wide range of tumors look similar to each other on the distorted backdrop of pelvic anatomy, large invasive formations, and an active inflammatory reaction of the pelvic peritoneum.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim: to evaluate “pitfalls” in the preoperative noninvasive diagnosis of female pelvic tumors by applying the clinical diagnostic tools.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Four rare clinical cases were analyzed; all of them posed difficulties in interpreting the diagnostic examination due to their atypical characteristics. There were 2 cases of ovarian cancer, initially identified by an experienced team of radiologists as benign pelvic pathology. Also, there were fibroids with degeneration, marked proliferative activity, and a massive inflammatory reaction of the peritoneum – that was diagnosed as a malignant ovarian tumor. Tumor biopsies were examined using morphological and immunohistochemical methods (with the р16, Ki-67, p53, CD 117, S 100, CD 34 markers). Immunohistochemical (IHC) studies were performed with formalin-fixed paraffin materials using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase method. Antibodies to estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), cytokeratin 7 (CK7), cytokeratin 20 (CK20) and Wilms tumor protein 1 (WT1) were also used.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. A thorough analysis of the clinical picture and a joint multidisciplinary discussion (gynecologist, oncologist, radiologist, etc.) made it possible to avoid diagnostic errors.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. These observations demonstrate the difficulties of differential diagnosis between ovarian metastases of uterine cancer and primary multiple ovarian and uterine cancer, as well between leiomyosarcoma and uterine myoma with high mitotic activity. Obviously, the change in diagnosis calls for a change in the treatment strategy.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Большинство новообразований в области малого таза возникают из органов репродуктивного системы. Несмотря на использование современных методов визуализации, рентгенологам не всегда просто установить источник поражений, поскольку широкий спектр доброкачественных и злокачественных патологий обладает схожими свойствами при выраженном нарушении анатомии таза, наличии крупных инвазивных поражений, в присутствии активной воспали- тельной реакции брюшины таза.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: выделить наиболее распространенные трудности предоперационной неинвазивной диагностики объемных образований женского таза на примере клинических наблюдений.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Были проанализированы 4 нестандартные клинические ситуации, которые вызывали сложности интерпретации данных на различных этапах диагностического поиска в связи с нетипичной картиной процесса: 2 случая рака яичников (РЯ), которые на предоперационном обследовании опытной командой рентгенологов были определены как доброкачественная патология малого таза; миома с дегенерацией и выраженной пролиферативной активностью, массивной воспалительной реакцией брюшины, расцененная как злокачественная опухоль яичника. Биоптаты опухолей были исследованы морфологически и иммуногистохимически (ИГХ) с маркерами р16, Ki-67, p53, CD 117, S 100, CD 34. ИГХ исследования проводили на фиксированных формалином парафиновых материалах с использованием метода авидин-биотин-пероксидазного комплекса. В качестве антител использовали также рецептор эстрогена (ER), рецептор прогестерона (PR), цитокератин 7 (CK7) и цитокератин 20 (CK20), поставляемые компанией Ventana (Йокогама, Япония), а также белок опухоли Вильмса 1 (WT1).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Сопоставление клинической картины, тщательный анализ симптомов заболевания, а также совместное обсуждение каждого клинического случая специалистами разного профиля (гинеколог, онколог, радиолог и др.) позволили избежать диагностических ошибок.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Эти наблюдения демонстрируют сложности дифференциальной диагностики овариальных метастазов рака тела матки (РТМ) и первично-множественного синхронного РЯ и РТМ, а также сложности дифференциальной диагностики лейомиосаркомы и миомы матки с высокой митотической активностью, что может привести к ошибкам в тактике лечения. Представленные клинические наблюдения демонстрируют сложности дифференциальной диагностики у пациентов с объемными образованиями таза не только на дооперационном, но и на интра- и послеоперационном этапе верификации диагноза.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак яичников</kwd><kwd>опухоли репродуктивной системы</kwd><kwd>онкология</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>магнитно-резонансная томография</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ovarian cancer</kwd><kwd>tumors of reproductive system</kwd><kwd>oncology</kwd><kwd>imaging</kwd><kwd>magnetic resonance imaging</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Iyer V.R., Lee S. MRI, CT, and PET/CT for ovarian cancer detection and adnexal lesion characterization. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2010;194(2):311–21. DOI: 10.2214/AJR.09.3522.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Iyer V.R., Lee S. 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