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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">akusherstvo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Акушерство, Гинекология и Репродукция</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2313-7347</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3194</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IRBIS LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17749/2313-7347.2018.12.4.052-061</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">akusherstvo-535</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЙ ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Background and precancerous processes in the vulva and vagina: etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Фоновые и предраковые процессы вульвы и влагалища: этиопатогенез, диагностика и лечение</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7456-2386</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Солопова</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Solopova</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор кафедры акушерства и гинекологии медико-профилактического факультета</p><p>Россия, 109004 Москва, ул. Земляной Вал, д. 62;</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Clinical and Preventive Medicine</p><p>62 St. Zemlyanoi Val, Moscow 109004, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">antoninasolopova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Целовальникова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tselovalnikova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>клинический ординатор кафедры педиатрии и детских инфекционных болезней педиатрического факультета</p><p>Россия, 109004 Москва, ул. Земляной Вал, д. 62;</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Clinical Resident, Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Pediatrics</p><p>62 St. Zemlyanoi Val, Moscow 109004, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">katya6872008@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Москвичёва</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Moskvichyova</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>клинический ординатор кафедры спортивной медицины и медицинской реабилитации лечебного факультета</p><p>Россия, 109004 Москва, ул. Земляной Вал, д. 62;</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Clinical Resident, Department of Sports Medicine and Medical Rehabilitation, Faculty of General Medicine</p><p>62 St. Zemlyanoi Val, Moscow 109004, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">moskvicheva_viktoria@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Блбулян</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Blbulyan</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент кафедры акушерства и гинекологии</p><p>Армения, Ереван 0025, ул. Корюна, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology</p><p>2 Koryun St., Yerevan 0025, Armenia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tblbulyan@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шкода</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shkoda</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, главный врач</p><p>Россия, 123423 Москва, ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2/44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Chief Physician</p><p>2/44 Salyama Adilya St., Moscow 123423, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">67gkb@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7415-4633</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макацария</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makatsariya</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., член-корреспондент РАН, профессор, зав. кафедрой акушерства и гинекологии медико-профилактического факультета</p><p>Россия, 109004 Москва, ул. Земляной Вал, д. 62;</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Corresponding Member of RAS, Professor, Head of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Clinical and Preventive Medicine</p><p>62 St. Zemlyanoi Val, Moscow 109004, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gemostasis@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ЕГМУ им. Мхитара Гераци</institution><country>Армения</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yerevan State Medical University named after Mkhitar Heratsi</institution><country>Armenia</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «ГКБ № 67 им. Л.А. Ворохобова ДЗМ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>City Clinical Hospital № 67 named after L.A. Vorokhobov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>02</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>52</fpage><lpage>61</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Solopova A.G., Tselovalnikova E.V., Moskvichyova V.S., Blbulyan T.A., Shkoda A.S., Makatsariya A.D., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Солопова А.Г., Целовальникова Е.В., Москвичёва В.С., Блбулян Т.А., Шкода А.С., Макацария А.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Solopova A.G., Tselovalnikova E.V., Moskvichyova V.S., Blbulyan T.A., Shkoda A.S., Makatsariya A.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gynecology.su/jour/article/view/535">https://www.gynecology.su/jour/article/view/535</self-uri><abstract><p>Leukoplakia, kraurosis and pointed condylomas (papillomas) of the vulva represent the group of background benign vulvar diseases. Vulvar and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasms are classified as premalignant conditions. The etiology and pathogenesis of these diseases are not entirely clear due to their complexity. Despite the easy visual assessment of anatomic areas involved in the pathological process, these diseases are rarely diagnosed at an early stage, which might indicate insufficient vigilance of doctors and patients in relation to the early symptoms. Therefore, this field of oncogynecology needs further development ln terms of diagnosisprevention, screening and treatment.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>К фоновым заболеваниям вульвы относят крауроз, лейкоплакию и остроконечные кондиломы (папилломы) вульвы. Предраковыми патологиями считают интраэпителиальные неоплазии в области вульвы и влагалища. Этиология и патогенез чрезмерно сложны и изучаются до сих пор. Несмотря на мануальную и диагностическую доступность анатомической области возникновения патологического процесса, данные диагнозы на ранних стадиях выставляют крайне редко. Вероятно, это свидетельствует о низком уровне настороженности врачей и пациенток в отношении данных нозологий, недостаточно эффективно выстроенной диагностической тактике. Данное направление в онкогинекологии нуждается в дальнейшем развитии и создании специальных комплексных мер профилактики, скрининга и лечения пациенток с описываемыми патологиями.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фоновые и предраковые процессы вульвы и влагалища</kwd><kwd>дистрофия вульвы</kwd><kwd>крауроз</kwd><kwd>лейкоплакия</kwd><kwd>вульварная интраэпителиальная неоплазия</kwd><kwd>вагинальная интраэпителиальная неоплазия</kwd><kwd>остроконечные кондиломы вульвы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>рrecancerous lesions of the vulva and vagina</kwd><kwd>vulvar dystrophy</kwd><kwd>kraurosis</kwd><kwd>leukoplakia</kwd><kwd>intraepithelial vulvar neoplasia</kwd><kwd>intraepithelial vaginal neoplasia</kwd><kwd>pointed condylomas of the vulva</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lai J., Elleray R., Nordin A. et al. 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