<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">akusherstvo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Акушерство, Гинекология и Репродукция</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2313-7347</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3194</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IRBIS LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17749/2313-7347.2018.12.1.074-085</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">akusherstvo-473</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЙ ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>FEMALE INFERTILITY ASSOCIATED WITH GENITAL TUBERCULOSIS</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ЖЕНСКОЕ БЕСПЛОДИЕ, АССОЦИИРОВАННОЕ С ГЕНИТАЛЬНЫМ ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗОМ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клинышкова</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klinyshkova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Клинышкова Татьяна Владимировна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, кафедра акушерства и гинекологии дополнительного профессионального образования.</p><p>644099, Омск, ул. Ленина, 12 2 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Klinyshkova Tatyana Vladimirovna – MD, Professor, Chair of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Continued Professional Education Courses.</p><p>12, ul. Lenina, Omsk, 644099</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">klin_tatyana@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яковлева</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakovleva</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Яковлева Анастасия Алексеевна – кандидат медицинских наук, врач акушер-гинеколог, фтизиогинеколог, врач ультразвуковой диагностики.</p><p>121170,  Москва,  Площадь победы, 2/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yakovleva Anastasiya Alekseevna – PhD, Obstetrician-gynecologist, Phthisiologist-gynecologist, Ultrasound Radiologist.</p><p>2/1, pl. Pobedy, Moscow, 121170</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Yakovleva_N_83@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Омский государственный медицинский университет»    Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Omsk State Medical University, Health Ministry of Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Клиника современной медицины</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Clinic of Modern Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>05</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>74</fpage><lpage>85</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Klinyshkova T.V., Yakovleva A.A., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Клинышкова Т.В., Яковлева А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Klinyshkova T.V., Yakovleva A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gynecology.su/jour/article/view/473">https://www.gynecology.su/jour/article/view/473</self-uri><abstract><p>Analysis of the published reports indicates the alarming increase in prevalence of infertility that occurs in the current demographic situation and the unfavorable epidemiological trends in tuberculosis. At present, female genital tuberculosis (GT) is considered the cause of 10-27.8% of female infertility cases and seen as a serious medical and social problem in women of reproductive age (24-35 years). Making a diagnosis of GT may become a complex task since: there are no commonly accepted schemes for the diagnostic procedure and patient management; the clinical manifestations of GT are nonspecific; the molecular-genetic, morphological, and microbiological diagnostic methods may not be sufficiently sensitive; the results of using hysterosalpingography are inconsistent (40-60% of discrepancies, high risk of complications); the indications to the Koch test and test-therapy are limited; the use of laparoscopy is still debatable; and the heterogeneity of the endoscopic picture in 13-59.7%  of suspected GT cases results in a low rate of confirmed GT – 9-26.3%. Immunological methods, in particular, the serological ones, take a lead in the diagnosis of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. We propose that testing the local humoral immunity in women with infertility, along with the endoscopy, can improve the diagnosis of GT and avoid irreversible changes in the reproductive system.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Анализ данных литературы свидетельствует о чрезвычайной актуальности проблемы бесплодия в современных демографических условиях и напряженной эпидемиологической ситуации по туберкулезу. В настоящее время генитальный туберкулез (ГТ) является причиной женского бесплодия в 10-27,8% случаев и признан серьезной медико-социальной проблемой по причине развития у женщин репродуктивного возраста (24-35 лет). Вопросы диагностики ГТ представляют сложную проблему: отсутствуют общепринятые схемы ведения пациенток с бесплодием для своевременного выявления заболевания; клинические проявления неспецифичны; отмечена недостаточная чувствительность молекулярно-генетического, морфологического, микробиологических методов в диагностике; результаты применения гистеросальпингографии противоречивы (40-60% расхождений, высокий риск осложнений); имеются ограничения показаний к пробе Коха и тест-терапии; дискутируется применение лапароскопии; неоднородность эндоскопической картины позволяет заподозрить ГТ в 13-59,7% случаев, а верифицировать при этом диагноз – в 9-26,3%. Иммунологические методы, в частности серологические, получили приоритет для диагностики внелегочного туберкулеза. Исследование показателей местного гуморального иммунитета у женщин с бесплодием наряду с оценкой эндоскопических особенностей, как показано в приоритетных исследованиях, позволит ускорить диагностику ГТ и избежать необратимых изменений репродуктивной системы.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бесплодие</kwd><kwd>туберкулез гениталий</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>методы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Infertility</kwd><kwd>genital tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>diagnostics</kwd><kwd>methods</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гинекология. Национальное руководство. [Под ред. Г.М. Савельевой, Г.Т. Сухих, И.Б. Манухиной]. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа. 2015: 690 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gynecology. National guideline [Ginekologiya. Nacional'noe rukovodstvo (Pod red. G.M. Savel'evoj, G.T. Suhih, I.B. Manuhinoj)]. Moskva: GEOTAR-Media. 2015: 690 s  (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фролова Н.И., Белокриницкая Т.Е., Анохова Л.И. и др. Оценка фертильности женщин молодого репродуктивного возраста Забайкальского края. Мать и Дитя в Кузбассе. 2014; 4: 33-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Frolova N.I., Belokrinitskaya T.E., Anokhova L.I. et al. Assessment of women fertility of young reproductive age in Zabaykalsky Krai  [Ocenka fertil'nosti zhenshchin molodogo reproduktivnogo vozrasta Zabajkal'skogo kraya]. Mat' i Ditya v Kuzbasse. 2014;  4: 33-8 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Краснопольская К.В. Бесплодный брак. Общая концепция бесплодного брака. В кн.: Гинекология. Национальное руководство [Под ред. Г.М. Савельевой, Г.Т. Сухих, И.Б. Манухиной]. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа. 2015: 310-31.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krasnopolskaya K.V. Infertile marriage.  The general concept of infertile marriage. In: Gynecology. National guideline [Besplodnyj brak. Obshchaya koncepciya besplodnogo braka. V kn.: Ginekologiya. Nacional'noe rukovodstvo (Pod red. G.M. Savel'evoj, G.T. Suhih, I.B. Manuhinoj)]. Moskva: GEOTARMedia. 2015: 310-31(in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дубинская Е.Д., Гаспаров А.С., Барабанова О.Э. и др. Диагностические возможности гистеросальпингографии и гистеросольпингосонографии у пациенток с бесплодием и спаечным процессом в малом тазу. Гинекология. 2012; 14 (2): 78-80.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dubinskaya E.D., Gasparov A.S.,  Barabanova O.E. et al. Diagnostic possibilities of hysterosalpingography and hysterosolpingosonography in patients with infertility and adhesions in the pelvis[Diagnosticheskie vozmozhnosti gisterosal'pingografii i gisterosol'pingosonografii u pacientok s besplodiem i spaechnym processom v malom tazu]. Ginekologiya. 2012; 14 (2): 78-80  (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Coppus S.F., Land J.A., Opmeer B.C. et al. Chlamydia trachomatis IgG seropositivity is associated with lower natural conception rates in ovulatory subfertile women without visible tubal pathology. Hum Reprod. 2011; 26 (11): 3061-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Coppus S.F., Land J.A., Opmeer B.C. et al. Chlamydia trachomatis IgG seropositivity is associated with lower natural conception rates in ovulatory subfertile women without visible tubal pathology. Hum Reprod. 2011; 26 (11): 3061-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jain G., Khatuja R., Juneja A., Mehta S. Laparoscopy: As a First Line Diagnostic Tool for Infertility Evaluation. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014; 8 (10): OCO1-2. DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2014/9822.4929.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jain G., Khatuja R., Juneja A., Mehta S. Laparoscopy: As a First Line Diagnostic  Tool for Infertility Evaluation. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014; 8 (10): OCO1-2. DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2014/9822.4929.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kabadi Y.M., Harsha B. Hysterolaparoscopy in the Evaluation and Management of Female Infertility. J Obstet Gynaecol India. 2016; 66 (Suppl 1): 478-81.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kabadi Y.M., Harsha B. Hysterolaparoscopy  in the Evaluation and Management of Female Infertility. J Obstet Gynaecol India. 2016;  66 (Suppl 1): 478-81.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sharma J., Sneha J., Singh U.B. et al. Effect of Antitubercular Therapy on Endometrial Function in Infertile Women with Female Genital Tuberculosis. Infect Disord Drug Targets. 2016; 16 (2): 101-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharma J., Sneha J., Singh U.B. et al.  Effect of Antitubercular Therapy on Endometrial Function in Infertile Women with Female Genital Tuberculosis. Infect Disord Drug Targets. 2016; 16 (2): 101-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Эпидемиологическая ситуация по туберкулезу в России. Противотуберкулезные мероприятия: информационное письмо ФГБУ «ЦНИИОИЗ». URL: http://mednet.ru/images/stories/files/CMT/epid_situaciya. [Дата доступа: 23.03.2018].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Epidemiological situation of tuberculosis in Russia. Anti-tuberculosis measures: an informational letter [Epidemiologicheskaya situaciya po tuberkulezu v Rossii. Protivotuberkuleznye meropriyatiya: informacionnoe pis'mo FGBU «CNIIOIZ»].  URL: http://mednet.ru/images/stories/files/CMT/epid_situaciya (in Russian).  [Accessed: 23.03.2018].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ghosh K., Chowdhury J.R. Tuberculosis and female reproductive health. J Postgrad Med. 2011; 57 (4): 307-13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ghosh K., Chowdhury J.R. Tuberculosis and female reproductive health. J Postgrad Med. 2011; 57 (4): 307-13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Global tuberculosis report 2012. World Health Organization. URL: http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/gtbr12_main.pdf. [Accessed: 23.03.2018].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Global tuberculosis report 2012. World Health Organization. URL: http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/gtbr12_main.pdf. [Accessed: 23.03.2018].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Брижатюк Е.В., Кульчавеня Е.В. Особенности эпидемической ситуации по внелегочному туберкулезу в Сибири и на Дальнем Востоке. Туберкулез и болезни легких. 2015; 5: 51-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brizhatuk E.V., Kulchavenya E.V. Features of epidemic situation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Siberia and Far East [Osobennosti epidemicheskoj situacii po vnelegochnomu tuberkulezu v Sibiri i na Dal'nem Vostoke]. Tuberkulez i bolezni legkih. 2015; 5: 51-2 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gleeson L.E., Varghese C., Ryan E. et al. Untreated chronic tuberculous salpingitis followed by successful in vitro fertilization conception and congenital tuberculosis. QJM. 2015; 108 (11): 899-901.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gleeson L.E., Varghese C., Ryan E. et al. Untreated chronic tuberculous salpingitis followed by successful in vitro fertilization conception and congenital tuberculosis.  QJM. 2015; 108 (11): 899-901.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Radhika A.G., Bhaskaran S., Saran N. et al. Comparison of diagnostic accuracy of PCR and BACTEC with Lowenstein-Jensen culture and histopathology in the diagnosis of female genital tuberculosis in three subsets of gynaecological conditions. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2016; 16: 1-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Radhika A.G., Bhaskaran S., Saran N. et al. Comparison of diagnostic accuracy of PCR  and BACTEC with Lowenstein-Jensen culture and histopathology in the diagnosis of female genital tuberculosis in three subsets of gynaecological conditions. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2016; 16: 1-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мушкин А.Ю., Белиловский Е.М., Першин Е.М. Внелегочный туберкулез в Российской Федерации: сопоставление некоторых официальных данных и результатов анкетного скрининга. Медицинский альянс. 2013; 1: 80-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mushkin A.Yu., Belilovskiy E.M., Pershin E.M. Extra pulmonary tuberculosis in the Russian Federation: comparison some official yielded and results of biographical screening [Vnelegochnyj tuberkulez v Rossijskoj Federacii: sopostavlenie nekotoryh oficial'nyh dannyh i rezul'tatov anketnogo skrininga]. Medicinskij al'yans. 2013; 1: 80-5 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mondal S.K. Histopathologic analysis of female genital tuberculosis: a fifteen-year retrospective study of 110 cases in eastern India. Turk Patoloji Derg. 2013; 29 (1): 41-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mondal S.K. Histopathologic analysis of female genital tuberculosis: a fifteen-year retrospective study of 110 cases in eastern India. Turk Patoloji Derg. 2013; 29 (1): 41-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhao W.H., Hao M. Pelvic inflammatory disease: a retrospective clinical analysis of 1,922 cases in North China. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 2014; 77 (3): 169-75.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhao W.H., Hao M. Pelvic inflammatory disease: a retrospective clinical analysis of 1,922 cases in North China. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 2014; 77 (3): 169-75.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каюкова С.И. Туберкулез женских половых органов – трудности диагностики редкой формы внелегочного туберкулеза. Современные проблемы науки и образования. 2012; 1: 43-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kayukova S.I. Tuberculosis of female genital organs – difficulties in diagnosing the rare form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis [Tuberkulez zhenskih polovyh organov – trudnosti diagnostiki redkoj formy vnelegochnogo tuberkuleza]. Sovremennye problemy nauki i obrazovaniya. 2012;  1: 43-9 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gascón J., Acién P. Large bilateral tubercular pyosalpinx in a young woman with genitourinary malformation: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2014; 3 (8): 176.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gascón J., Acién P. Large bilateral tubercular pyosalpinx in a young woman with  genitourinary malformation: a case report.  J Med Case Rep. 2014; 3 (8): 176.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khanna A., Agrawal А. Markers of genital tuberculosis in infertility. Singapore Med J. 2011; 52 (12): 864-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khanna A., Agrawal А. Markers of genital tuberculosis in infertility. Singapore Med J. 2011; 52 (12): 864-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фтизиатрия. Национальное руководство [Под ред. М.И. Перельмана]. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа. 2010: 504 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Phthisiology. National guideline  [Ftiziatriya. Nacional'noe rukovodstvo  (Pod red. M.I. Perel'mana)]. Moskva:  GEOTAR-Media. 2010: 504 s (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федеральные клинические рекомендации по диагностике и лечению урогенитального туберкулеза. URL: http://roftb.ru/netcat_files/doks2015/rec5.pdf. [Дата доступа: 23.03.2018].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Federal clinical recommendations about diagnostics and treatment of urogenital tuberculosis [Federal'nye klinicheskie rekomendacii po diagnostike i lecheniyu urogenital'nogo tuberkuleza].  URL: http://roftb.ru/netcat_files/doks2015/rec5.pdf (in Russian). [Accessed: 23.03.2018].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thangappah R.B., Paramasivan C.N., Narayanan S. Evaluating PCR, culture &amp; histopathology in the diagnosis of female genital tuberculosis. Indian J Med Res. 2011; 134 (1): 40-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thangappah R.B., Paramasivan C.N., Narayanan S. Evaluating PCR, culture &amp; histopathology in the diagnosis of female genital tuberculosis. Indian J Med Res.  2011; 134 (1): 40-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bhanothu V., Theophilus J.P., Reddy P.K., Rozati R. Occurrence of female genital tuberculosis among infertile women: a study from a tertiary maternal health care research centre in South India. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014; 33 (11): 1937-49. DOI: 10.1007/s10096-014-2164-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bhanothu V., Theophilus J.P., Reddy P.K., Rozati R. Occurrence of female genital tuberculosis among infertile women: a study from a tertiary maternal health care research centre in South India. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014; 33 (11): 1937-49.  DOI: 10.1007/s10096-014-2164-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sharma J.B., Sneha J., Singh U.B. et al. Comparative Study of Laparoscopic Abdominopelvic and Fallopian Tube Findings Before and After Antitubercular Therapy in Female Genital Tuberculosis With Infertility. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2016; 23 (2): 215-22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharma J.B., Sneha J., Singh U.B. et al. Comparative Study of Laparoscopic Abdominopelvic and Fallopian Tube Findings Before and After Antitubercular Therapy in Female Genital Tuberculosis With Infertility.  J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2016;  23 (2): 215-22.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sharma J.B. Current Diagnosis and Management of Female Genital Tuberculosis. J Obstet Gynaecol India. 2015; 65 (6): 362-71.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharma J.B. Current Diagnosis and Management of Female Genital Tuberculosis.  J Obstet Gynaecol India. 2015; 65 (6): 362-71.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Di Giovanni S.E., Cunha T.M., Duarte A.L., Alves I. Endometrial Tuberculosis Simulating an Ovarian Cancer: a case report. Acta Med Port. 2016; 29 (6): 412-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Di Giovanni S.E., Cunha T.M., Duarte A.L., Alves I. Endometrial Tuberculosis Simulating an Ovarian Cancer: a case report. Acta Med Port. 2016; 29 (6): 412-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mariara C., Koech A., Waweru P., Murage A. Endometrial tuberculosis compounding polycystic ovary syndrome in a subfertile woman: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2016; 10: 168.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mariara C., Koech A., Waweru P., Murage A. Endometrial tuberculosis compounding  polycystic ovary syndrome in a subfertile woman: a case report. J Med Case Rep.  2016; 10: 168.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ishrat S., Fatima Р. Genital tuberculosis in the infertile women – an update. Mymensingh Med J. 2015; 24 (1): 215-20.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ishrat S., Fatima Р. Genital tuberculosis in  the infertile women – an update. Mymensingh Med J. 2015; 24 (1): 215-20.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shahzad S. Investigation of the prevalence of female genital tract tuberculosis and its relation to female infertility: An observational analytical study. Iran J Reprod Med. 2012; 10 (6): 581-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shahzad S. Investigation of the prevalence  of female genital tract tuberculosis and its  relation to female infertility: An observational analytical study. Iran J Reprod Med.  2012; 10 (6): 581-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bhanothu V., Theophilus J.P., Rozati R. Use of Endo-Ovarian Tissue Biopsy and Pelvic Aspirated Fluid for the Diagnosis of Female Genital Tuberculosis by Conventional versus Molecular Method. PLoS ONE. 2014; 9 (5): 1-13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bhanothu V., Theophilus J.P., Rozati R. Use  of Endo-Ovarian Tissue Biopsy and Pelvic Aspirated Fluid for the Diagnosis of Female Genital Tuberculosis by Conventional versus Molecular Method. PLoS ONE. 2014;  9 (5): 1-13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sharma J.B. Sharma's Python Sign: A New Tubal Sign in Female Genital Tuberculosis. J Lab Physicians. 2016; 8 (2): 120-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharma J.B. Sharma's Python Sign: A New Tubal Sign in Female Genital Tuberculosis.  J Lab Physicians. 2016; 8 (2): 120-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sethi S., Dhaliwal L., Dey P. et al. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in infertile women. J Med Microbiol. 2016; 34 (3): 322-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sethi S., Dhaliwal L., Dey P. et al.  Loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in infertile women. J Med Microbiol. 2016; 34 (3): 322-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Omrani M., Ansari М.Н., Agaverizadae D. PCR and ELISA methods (Ig G and Ig M): their comparaison with conventional techniques for diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Pak J Biol Sci. 2009; 12 (4): 373-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Omrani M., Ansari М.Н., Agaverizadae D.  PCR and ELISA methods (Ig G and Ig M):  their comparaison with conventional  techniques for diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Pak J Biol Sci. 2009;  12 (4): 373-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">О совершенствовании противотуберкулезных мероприятий в Российской Федерации: приказ МЗ РФ № 109. URL: http://www.fumc.ru/rules/1405.html. [Дата доступа: 23.03.2018].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">About improvement of antitubercular actions  in Russian Federation: order HM of RF  [O sovershenstvovanii protivotuberkuleznyh meropriyatij v Rossijskoj Federacii: prikaz  MZ RF № 109]. URL: http://www.fumc.ru/rules/1405.html (in Russian).  [Accessed: 23.03.2018].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prasad S., Singhal M., Negi S.S. et al. Targeted detection of 65kDa heat shock protein gene in endometrial biopsies for reliable diagnosis of genital tuberculosis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2012; 160 (2): 215-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prasad S., Singhal M., Negi S.S. et al. Targeted detection of 65kDa heat shock protein gene  in endometrial biopsies for reliable diagnosis of genital tuberculosis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2012; 160 (2): 215-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kulshrestha V., Kriplani A., Agarwal N. et al. Genital tuberculosis among infertile women and fertility outcome after antitubercular therapy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2011; 113 (33): 229-34.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kulshrestha V., Kriplani A., Agarwal N. et al. Genital tuberculosis among infertile women and fertility outcome after antitubercular therapy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2011; 113  (33): 229-34.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bhanothu V., Lakshmi V., Theophilus J.P. et al. Investigation of Toll-Like Receptor-2 (2258G/A) and Interferon Gamma (+874T/A) Gene Polymorphisms among Infertile Women with Female Genital Tuberculosis. PLoS One. 2015; 10 (6): e0130273. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130273.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bhanothu V., Lakshmi V., Theophilus J.P.  et al. Investigation of Toll-Like Receptor-2 (2258G/A) and Interferon Gamma (+874T/A) Gene Polymorphisms among Infertile  Women with Female Genital Tuberculosis. PLoS One. 2015; 10 (6): e0130273.  DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130273.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sharma J.B., Kriplani A., Dharmendra S. et al. Role of Gene Xpert in diagnosis of female genital tuberculosis: a preliminary report. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod. 2016; 207: 237-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharma J.B., Kriplani A., Dharmendra S.  et al. Role of Gene Xpert in diagnosis of  female genital tuberculosis: a preliminary report. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod.  2016; 207: 237-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гучетль Е.В., Мокрицкая Д.Е., Пономарева Л.П. Способ диагностики туберкулеза женских гениталий. Патент РФ № 2232990 от 20.07.2004. Бюл. № 29. 10 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guchetl E.V., Mokritskaya D.E, Ponomareva L.P. Way of diagnosis of tuberculosis of female genitalias [Sposob diagnostiki tuberkuleza zhenskih genitalij]. Patent RF № 2232990  ot 20.07.2004. Byul. № 29. 10 s (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hernández-Marín I., Aragón-López C.I., Aldama-González P.L., Jiménez-Huerta J. Prevalence of infections (Chlamydia, Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma) in patients with altered tuboperitoneal factor. Ginecol Obstet Mex. 2016; 84 (1): 14-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hernández-Marín I., Aragón-López C.I., Aldama-González P.L., Jiménez-Huerta J. Prevalence of infections (Chlamydia, Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma) in patients  with altered tuboperitoneal factor. Ginecol Obstet Mex. 2016; 84 (1): 14-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Крайненко Е.В. Ультразвуковая диагностика женских половых органов. Туберкулёз в России год 2007. Материалы VIII Российского съезда фтизиатров. М.: ООО «Идея». 2007: 196-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kraynenko E.V. Ultrasonic diagnostics of female genitals [Ul'trazvukovaya diagnostika zhenskih polovyh organov]. Tuberkulyoz  v Rossii god 2007. Materialy VIII Rossijskogo s"ezda ftiziatrov. Moskva: OOO «Ideya».  2007: 196-7 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jindal U.N., Bala Y., Sodhi S. et al. Female genital tuberculosis: early diagnosis by laparoscopy and endometrial polymerase chain reaction. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2010; 14 (12): 1629-34.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jindal U.N., Bala Y., Sodhi S. et al. Female genital tuberculosis: early diagnosis by laparoscopy and endometrial polymerase  chain reaction. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2010;  14 (12): 1629-34.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shah H.U., Sannananja B., Baheti A.D. et al. Hysterosalpingography and ultrasonography findings of female genital tuberculosis. Diagn Interv Radiol. 2015; 21 (1): 10-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shah H.U., Sannananja B., Baheti A.D. et al. Hysterosalpingography and ultrasonography findings of female genital tuberculosis.  Diagn Interv Radiol. 2015; 21 (1): 10-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ahmadi F., Zafarani F., Shahrzad G. Hysterosalpingographic appearances of female genital tract tuberculosis: part I. Fallopian tube. Int J Fertil Steril. 2014; 7 (4): 245-52.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ahmadi F., Zafarani F., Shahrzad G. Hysterosalpingographic appearances of female genital tract tuberculosis: part I. Fallopian tube. Int J Fertil Steril. 2014; 7 (4): 245-52.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Verhoeve H.R., Coppus S.F.P.J., van der Steeg J.W. et al. The capacity of hysterosalpingography and laparoscopy to predict natural conception. Hum Reprod. 2011; 26: 134-42.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Verhoeve H.R., Coppus S.F.P.J., van der  Steeg J.W. et al. The capacity of hysterosalpingography and laparoscopy to predict natural conception. Hum Reprod.  2011; 26: 134-42.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Briceag I., Costache A., Purcarea V.L. et al. Current management of tubal infertility: from hysterosalpingography to ultrasonography and surgery. J Med Life. 2015; 8 (2): 157-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Briceag I., Costache A., Purcarea V.L. et al. Current management of tubal infertility: from hysterosalpingography to ultrasonography and surgery. J Med Life. 2015; 8 (2): 157-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nigam A., Saxena P., Mishra A. Comparison of Hysterosalpingography and Combined Laparohysteroscopy for the Evaluation of Primary Infertility. Kathmandu Univ Med J. 2015; 13 (52): 281-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nigam A., Saxena P., Mishra A. Comparison  of Hysterosalpingography and Combined Laparohysteroscopy for the Evaluation of Primary Infertility. Kathmandu Univ Med J. 2015; 13 (52): 281-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Briceag I., Costache A., Purcarea V.L. et al. Fallopian tubes – literature review of anatomy and etiology in female infertility. J Med Life. 2015; 8 (2): 129-31.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Briceag I., Costache A., Purcarea V.L. et al. Fallopian tubes – literature review of anatomy and etiology in female infertility. J Med Life. 2015; 8 (2): 129-31.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lindsay T.J., Vitrikas K.R. Evaluation and treatment of infertility. Am Fam Physician. 2015; 91 (5): 308-14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lindsay T.J., Vitrikas K.R. Evaluation and treatment of infertility. Am Fam Physician. 2015; 91 (5): 308-14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Квициане К.Д. Комплексная оценка состояния маточных труб у женщин с трубно-перитонеальным бесплодием: Автореф. дис. канд. мед. наук. М. 2010: 24 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kvitsiane K.D. Comprehensive assessment of the state of fallopian tubes in women with tubal peritoneal infertility [Kompleksnaya ocenka sostoyaniya matochnyh trub u zhenshchin s trubno-peritoneal'nym besplodiem]. Avtoref. dis. kand. med. nauk. Moskva. 2010:  24 s (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Яковлева А.А. Совершенствование тактики ведения пациенток с бесплодием, ассоциированным с генитальным туберкулезом: Автореф. дис. канд. мед. наук. Омск. 2014: 23 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yаkovleva A.A. Improvement of tactics of maintaining patients with the infertility  associated with genital tuberculosis [Sovershenstvovanie taktiki vedeniya pacientok s besplodiem, associirovannym s genital'nym tuberkulezom]. Avtoref. dis. kand. med. nauk. Omsk. 2014: 23 s (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sharma J.B., Pushparaj M, Roy К, Jain S.K. Increased complication rates associated with laparoscopic surgery among patients with genital tuberculosis. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2011; 18 (5): 660-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharma J.B., Pushparaj M, Roy К, Jain S.K. Increased complication rates associated with laparoscopic surgery among patients with genital tuberculosis. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2011; 18 (5): 660-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Клинышкова Т.В., Яковлева А.А., Плеханова М.А. и др. Диагностические аспекты генитального туберкулеза у женщин с трубно-перитонеальным бесплодием. Российский вестник акушера-гинеколога. 2014; 1: 63-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klinyshkova T.V., Yakovleva A.A.,  Plekhanova M.A. et al. Diagnostic aspects  of genital tuberculosis at women with a pipe peritonealnym infertility [Diagnosticheskie aspekty genital'nogo tuberkuleza u zhenshchin s trubno-peritoneal'nym besplodiem]. Rossijskij vestnik akushera-ginekologa. 2014; 1: 63-7 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ниаури Д.А., Джумаева Л.М., Лавринович О.Е. и др. Клиническое исследование значения использования аллергена туберкулезного рекомбинантного (белок CFP 10-ESAT6) в стандартном разведении (Диаскинтест) в диагностике туберкулеза половых органов у женщин группы риска по заболеванию. Журнал акушерства и женских болезней. 2012; 4: 90-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Niauri D.A., Dzhumaeva L.M., Lavrinovich O.E. et al. Clinical study of the use of the of tuberculous recombinant allergen (protein CFP 10-ESAT6) in standard dilution (Diaskintest)  in the diagnosis of genital tuberculosis in women of risk group disease [Klinicheskoe issledovanie znacheniya ispol'zovaniya allergena tuberkuleznogo rekombinantnogo (belok CFP 10-ESAT6) v standartnom razvedenii (Diaskintest) v diagnostike tuberkuleza polovyh organov u zhenshchin gruppy riska po zabolevaniyu]. Zhurnal akusherstva i zhenskih boleznej. 2012;  4: 90-5 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кожная проба с препаратом «Диаскинтест» – новые возможности идентификации туберкулезной инфекции [Под ред. М.А. Пальцева]. 2-е изд. М.: Шико. 2011: 256 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Skin test with medicine «Diaskintest» –  new opportunities of tuberculosis  infection identification [Kozhnaya proba  s preparatom «Diaskintest» – novye vozmozhnosti identifikacii tuberkuleznoj infekcii (Pod red. M.A. Pal'ceva)].  2-e izd. Moskva: Shiko. 2011: 256 s  (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chan J., Mehta S., Bharrhan S. et al. The role of B cells and humoral immunity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Semin Immunol. 2014; 26 (6): 588-600.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chan J., Mehta S., Bharrhan S. et al.  The role of B cells and humoral immunity  in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.  Semin Immunol. 2014; 26 (6): 588-600.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu X., Bian S., Cheng X. et al. Utility of T-cell interferon-γ release assays for the diagnosis of female genital tuberculosis in a tertiary referral hospital in Beijing, China. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016; 95 (44): e5200. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000005200.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu X., Bian S., Cheng X. et al. Utility of  T-cell interferon-γ release assays for  the diagnosis of female genital tuberculosis  in a tertiary referral hospital in Beijing,  China. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;  95 (44): e5200. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000005200.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гаспаров А.С., Клинышкова Т.В., Соколова Т.Ф. Характеристика клеточного иммунитета и цитокинового профиля перитонеальной жидкости больных с хроническим сальпингитом. Проблемы репродукции. 2005; 4: 14-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gasparov A.S., Klinyshkova T.V.,  Sokolova T.F. The characteristic of cell-like immunity and tsitokinovy profile of  peritoneal liquid of patients with a chronic salpingitis [Harakteristika kletochnogo immuniteta i citokinovogo profilya peritoneal'noj zhidkosti bol'nyh s  hronicheskim sal'pingitom]. Problemy reprodukcii. 2005; 4: 14-8 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Клинышкова Т.В., Плеханова М.А., Фролова Н.Б. и др. Способ диагностики туберкулеза женских гениталий у пациенток с бесплодием. Патент РФ № 2013146702 от 20.04.2015. Бюл. № 11. 10 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klinyshkova T.V., Plekhanova M.A.,  Frolova N.B. et al. Way of diagnosis of tuberculosis of female genitals at patients  with infertility [Sposob diagnostiki  tuberkuleza zhenskih genitalij u pacientok  s besplodiem]. Patent RF № 2013146702  ot 20.04.2015. Byul. № 11. 10 s (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
