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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">akusherstvo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Акушерство, Гинекология и Репродукция</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2313-7347</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3194</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IRBIS LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17749/2313-7347/ob.gyn.rep.2026.817</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">akusherstvo-2969</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Efficacy of comprehensive diagnostics of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia using digital technologies</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эффективность комплексной диагностики цервикальной интраэпителиальной неоплазии с использованием цифровых технологий</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8285-9091</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мухсинзода</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Muhsinzoda</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мухсинзода Нилуфар Абдукаххоровна, к.м.н. </p><p>Республика Таджикистан, 734026 Душанбе, ул. Исмоили Сомони, д. 59А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nilufar A. Muhsinzoda, MD, PhD</p><p>59A Ismoili Somoni Str., Dushanbe 734026, Republic of Tajikistan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">muhsinzadenilufar@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6396-4948</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ашрафян</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ashrafyan</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ашрафян Левон Андреевич, д.м.н., проф., академик РАН</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57194173388</p><p>Россия, 117997 Москва, ул. Академика Опарина, д. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Levon A. Ashrafyan, MD, Dr Sci Med, Prof., Academician of RAS</p><p> Scopus Author ID: 57194173388</p><p>4 Academician Oparin Str., Moscow 117997, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7095-792X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мухсинзода</surname><given-names>Г. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Muhsinzoda</surname><given-names>G. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мухсинзода Гафур Мухсин, д.м.н. </p><p>Республика Таджикистан, 734025 Душанбе, ул. Шевченко, д. 69</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gafur M. Muhsinzoda, MD, Dr Sci Med. </p><p>69 Shevchenko Str., Dushanbe 734025, Republic of Tajikistan</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГУ «Республиканский онкологический научный центр» Министерства здравоохранения и социальной защиты населения Республики Таджикистан</institution><country>Таджикистан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Republican Oncology Research Center, Ministry of Health and Social Protection of Population of the Republic of Tadzhikistan</institution><country>Tajikistan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии имени академика В.И. Кулакова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Министерство здравоохранения и социальной защиты населения Республики Таджикистан</institution><country>Таджикистан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ministry of Health and Social Protection of Population of the Republic of Tadzhikistan</institution><country>Tajikistan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>0</issue><issue-title>Online First</issue-title><elocation-id>2969</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Muhsinzoda N.A., Ashrafyan L.A., Muhsinzoda G.M., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мухсинзода Н.А., Ашрафян Л.А., Мухсинзода Г.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Muhsinzoda N.A., Ashrafyan L.A., Muhsinzoda G.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gynecology.su/jour/article/view/2969">https://www.gynecology.su/jour/article/view/2969</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim: to evaluate efficacy of a comprehensive diagnostic approach for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) based on a combination of colposcopy, cytology and human papillomavirus (HPV) testing using advanced digital technology, and to assess a role of p16INK4a/Ki-67 immunohistochemical markers in challenging cases of differential diagnosis.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. A single-center prospective analysis covering the period from 2023 to 2026 was conducted. Data from 84,712 women who underwent visual screening were processed using a custom-developed digital module. There were enrolled 247 women identified as CIN suspected based on a positive result in at least one of three tests: colposcopy, cytology, or HPV DNA testing. They underwent an examination using the comprehensive diagnostic approach (CDА).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. CIN was excluded in 165 (66.8 %) cases, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) was detected in 63 (25.5 %), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) – in 14 (5.7 %) cases and stage I cervical cancer was diagnosed in 5 (2,0 %) women. While assessing accuracy, the HPV DNA test turned out to be the most optimal showing 93.1 % (sensitivity (Se) – 92.7 %; specificity (Sp) – 93.3 %), followed by cytology – 91.9 % (Se – 85.4 %; Sp – 95.2 %) and colposcopy – 78.5 % (Se – 96.3 %; Sp – 69.7 %). In 17 complex clinical cases, immunohistochemical (IHC) testing of p16/Ki-67 markers enabled clear differentiation between reactive lesions, such as LSIL with focal or weak p16/Ki-67 expression ≤ 20 % in the lower third of the epithelium, and pronounced precancerous transformation (HSIL) with diffuse p16/Ki-67 expression throughout the entire epithelium. This completely eliminated diagnostic uncertainty in challenging clinical situations.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. CDА for CIN using three widely available tests (visual colposcopic, cytology, and HPV DNA testing) on a digital platform approaches the accuracy of histological diagnosis. In complex and controversial cases, IHC testing for p16/Ki-67 markers serves as an objective method for stratifying patients into mild (LSIL) and severe (HSIL) forms, eliminating over- and underdiagnosis as well as optimizing treatment.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: изучить эффективность способа комплексной диагностики цервикальной интраэпителиальной неоплазии (англ. cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, CIN), основанный на сочетании кольпоскопии, цитологии и тестировании на вирус папилломы человека (ВПЧ) с использованием современной цифровой технологии, а также оценить роль иммуногистохимического исследования определения маркеров p16INK4a/Ki-67 в сложных случаях дифференциальной диагностики.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Исследование является одноцентровым проспективным анализом, охватившим период с 2023 по 2026 гг. С использованием специально разработанного цифрового модуля были обработаны данные 84712 женщин, прошедших визуальный скрининг. В материал исследования были включены 247 женщин, попавшие в когорту женщин с подозрением на CIN с положительным результатом как минимум одного из 3 тестов: кольпоскопии, цитологии или ВПЧ ДНК теста. Им было проведено обследование способом комплексной диагностики (СКД).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В 165 (66,8 %) случаях была исключена CIN, в 63 (25,5 %) было выявлено плоскоклеточное интраэпителиальное поражение низкой степени (англ. low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, LSIL), в 14 (5,7 %) случаях – плоскоклеточное интраэпителиальное поражение высокой степени (англ. high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, HSIL) и у 5 (2,0 %) женщин диагностирован рак шейки матки I стадии. По точности наиболее оптимальным оказался ВПЧ ДНК-тест – 93,1 % (чувствительность (англ. sensitivity, Se) – 92,7 %; (специфичность (англ. specificity, Sp) – 93,3 %), точность цитологии составила 91,9 % (Se – 85,4 %; Sp – 95,2 %), кольпоскопии – 78,5 % (Se – 96,3 %; Sp – 69,7 %). В 17 сложных клинических случаях проведение иммуногистохимического (ИГХ) исследования маркеров p16/Ki-67 позволило четко дифференцировать реактивные изменения, LSIL с очаговой или слабой экспрессией p16, Ki-67 ≤ 20 % в нижней трети эпителия до выраженной предраковой трансформации (HSIL) с диффузной экспрессии р16, Ki-67 на всю толщу эпителия. Это позволило полностью устранить диагностическую сложность в спорных клинических ситуациях.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. СКД CIN с одновременным использованием 3 широкодоступных тестов (визуально-кольпоскопический, цитология и ВПЧ ДНК тестирование) на цифровой платформе по точности приближается к гистологической диагностике. В сложных и спорных случаях применения ИГХ-тестирования на маркеры p16/Ki-67 служит объективным методом стратификации больных на легкие (LSIL) и тяжелые (HSIL) формы, что исключает ошибки гипер- и гиподиагностики и оптимизирует лечебную тактику.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак шейки матки</kwd><kwd>вирус папилломы человека</kwd><kwd>ВПЧ</kwd><kwd>цервикальная интраэпителиальная неоплазия</kwd><kwd>CIN</kwd><kwd>плоскоклеточное интраэпителиальное поражение низкой степени</kwd><kwd>LSIL</kwd><kwd>плоскоклеточное интраэпителиальное поражение высокой степени</kwd><kwd>HSIL</kwd><kwd>иммуногистохимия</kwd><kwd>ИГХ</kwd><kwd>маркеры p16INK4a</kwd><kwd>Ki-67</kwd><kwd>цифровая диагностика</kwd><kwd>эффективность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cervical cancer</kwd><kwd>human papillomavirus</kwd><kwd>HPV</kwd><kwd>cervical intraepithelial neoplasia</kwd><kwd>CIN</kwd><kwd>low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion</kwd><kwd>LSIL</kwd><kwd>high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion</kwd><kwd>HSIL</kwd><kwd>immunohistochemistry</kwd><kwd>IHC</kwd><kwd>markers p16INK4a/Ki-67</kwd><kwd>digital diagnostics</kwd><kwd>efficacy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Здоровье населения и деятельность учреждений здравоохранения в 2025 г. 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