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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">akusherstvo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Акушерство, Гинекология и Репродукция</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2313-7347</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3194</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IRBIS LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17749/2313-7347/ob.gyn.rep.2026.759</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">akusherstvo-2864</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Integrative model of cervical remodeling: associations between ultrasound, immune and microbiological markers</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Интегративная модель цервикального ремоделирования: взаимосвязь ультразвуковых, иммунных и микробиологических маркеров</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5313-2259</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Халенко</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khalenko</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Халенко Владислава Валерьевна </p><p>WoS ResearcherID: JQW-2024-2023</p><p>199034 Санкт-Петербург, Менделеевская линия, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladislava V. Khalenko, MD.</p><p>WoS ResearcherID: JQW-2024-2023. </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vkhalenko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4116-0222</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пачулия</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pachuliia</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пачулия Ольга Владимировна, к.м.н. </p><p>199034 Санкт-Петербург, Менделеевская линия, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Pachuliia, MD, PhD. </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9328-8909</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коптеева</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kopteeva</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Коптеева Екатерина Вадимовна, к.м.н. </p><p>199034 Санкт-Петербург, Менделеевская линия, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina V. Kopteeva, MD, PhD. </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7673-6274</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Будиловская</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Budilovskaya</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Будиловская Ольга Викторовна, к.м.н.</p><p>WoS ResearcherID: K-1854-2018.</p><p>199034 Санкт-Петербург, Менделеевская линия, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Budilovskaya, MD, PhD.</p><p>WoS ResearcherID: K-1854-2018. </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2742-2655</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хуснутдинова</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khusnutdinova</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хуснутдинова Татьяна Алексеевна, к.м.н.</p><p>WoS ResearcherID: K-1852-2018. </p><p>199034 Санкт-Петербург, Менделеевская линия, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana A. Khusnutdinova, MD, PhD.</p><p>WoS ResearcherID: K-1852-2018. </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4798-1881</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крысанова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krysanova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Крысанова Анна Александровна, к.м.н.</p><p>WoS ResearcherID: K-3678-2018. </p><p>199034 Санкт-Петербург, Менделеевская линия, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna A. Krysanova, MD, PhD.</p><p>WoS ResearcherID: K-3678-2018. </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3002-3874</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шалепо</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shalepo</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шалепо Кира Валентиновна, к.б.н. </p><p>WoS ResearcherID: K-1364-2018. </p><p>199034 Санкт-Петербург, Менделеевская линия, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kira V. Shalepo, MD, PhD in Biology.</p><p>WoS ResearcherID: K-1364-2018. </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3870-5930</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савичева</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savicheva</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Савичева Алевтина Михайловна, д.м.н., проф. </p><p>WoS ResearcherID: P-6788-2015. </p><p>199034 Санкт-Петербург, Менделеевская линия, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alevtina M. Savicheva, MD, Dr Sci Med, Prof.</p><p>WoS ResearcherID: P-6788-2015. </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6542-5953</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беспалова</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bespalova</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Беспалова Олеся Николаевна, д.м.н. </p><p>199034 Санкт-Петербург, Менделеевская линия, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olesya N. Bespalova, MD, Dr Sci Med. </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт акушерства, гинекологии и репродуктологии имени Д.О. Отта»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>0</issue><issue-title>Online First</issue-title><elocation-id>2864</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Khalenko V.V., Pachuliia O.V., Kopteeva E.V., Budilovskaya O.V., Khusnutdinova T.A., Krysanova A.A., Shalepo K.V., Savicheva A.M., Bespalova O.N., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Халенко В.В., Пачулия О.В., Коптеева Е.В., Будиловская О.В., Хуснутдинова Т.А., Крысанова А.А., Шалепо К.В., Савичева А.М., Беспалова О.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khalenko V.V., Pachuliia O.V., Kopteeva E.V., Budilovskaya O.V., Khusnutdinova T.A., Krysanova A.A., Shalepo K.V., Savicheva A.M., Bespalova O.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gynecology.su/jour/article/view/2864">https://www.gynecology.su/jour/article/view/2864</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim: to characterize cervical maturity phenotypes identified by cluster analysis of ultrasound cervicometry and elastography parameters through evaluation of local immunological and microbiological markers associated with cervical remodeling.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. A single-center prospective cohort study with 82 pregnant women in the third trimester was conducted to assess biomechanical, immunological, and microbiological characteristics of the cervix. Compression cervical elastography was performed by assessing hardness ratio (HR), elasticity contrast index (ECI), internal os strain (IOS), and external os strain (EOS). Quantitative assessment by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the cervical canal microbiocenosis and analysis of mRNA expression of innate immunity genes were also performed.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. There were identified three cervical maturity phenotypes characterized by a progressive decrease in tissue stiffness (HR), cervical shortening, and an increase in the elasticity contrast index (ECI) (p &lt; 0.05). A significant decline in the expression of interleukin-18 (IL-18), GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) as well as cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68) marker was observed during the transition from the immature to mature phenotype (p &lt; 0.05). No significant differences in the taxonomic cervical microbiota composition were found among the phenotypes (p &gt; 0.05); however, an increased abundance of non-Lactobacillus flora was associated with reduced cervical length and lower tissue stiffness. Predominantly negative correlations were identified between the abundance of opportunistic microorganisms and the expression levels of immune markers.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Cervical remodeling during pregnancy is associated with decreased local immune activity. Lowered expression of IL-18, GATA3, and CD68 may represent one of the mechanisms initiating inflammation followed by structural remodeling of cervical tissue. Although the microbiota does not determine the maturity phenotype, it may modulate magnitude of immune and biomechanical changes.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: охарактеризовать фенотипы зрелости шейки матки, выделенные кластерным анализом параметров ультразвуковой цервикометрии и эластографии, путем оценки взаимосвязей локальных иммунологических и микробиологических маркеров цервикального ремоделирования.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведено одноцентровое проспективное когортное исследование 82 беременных III триместра с оценкой биомеханических, иммунологических и микробиологических характеристик шейки матки. Выполнены компрессионная эластография шейки матки с определением коэффициента жесткости (англ. hardness ratio, HR), индекса гетерогенности ткани (англ. elasticity contrast index, ECI), деформации внутреннего (англ. internal os strain, IOS) и наружного зева (англ. external os strain, EOS), количественная оценка методом полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР) микробиоценоза цервикального канала, а также анализ экспрессии мРНК генов врожденного иммунитета.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Выделены 3 фенотипа зрелости шейки матки, характеризующиеся снижением жесткости (HR), укорочением шейки матки и увеличением индекса гетерогенности (ECI) (p &lt; 0,05). Установлено значимое снижение экспрессии интерлейкина-18 (англ. interleukin-18, IL-18), GATA-связывающего белка 3 (англ. GATA binding protein 3, GATA3) и кластера дифференцировки 68 (англ. cluster of differentiation 68, CD68) по мере перехода к от незрелого к зрелому фенотипу (p &lt; 0,05). Таксономический состав микробиоты между фенотипами не различался (p &gt; 0,05), однако увеличение нелактобациллярной флоры ассоциировалось со снижением длины и жесткости шейки матки. Выявлены преимущественно отрицательные корреляции между уровнем условно-патогенной микробиоты и экспрессией иммунных маркеров.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Цервикальное ремоделирование во время беременности ассоциировано со снижением локальной иммунной активности. Уменьшение экспрессии IL-18, GATA3 и CD68 может рассматриваться как один из механизмов, инициирующих развитие как воспаления с последующей структурной перестройкой ткани шейки матки. Микробиота не определяет фенотип зрелости, однако способна модулировать выраженность иммунных и биомеханических изменений.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>шейка матки</kwd><kwd>эластография</kwd><kwd>ремоделирование</kwd><kwd>цитокины</kwd><kwd>микробиота</kwd><kwd>асептическое воспаление</kwd><kwd>преждевременные роды</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cervix</kwd><kwd>elastography</kwd><kwd>remodeling</kwd><kwd>cytokines</kwd><kwd>microbiota</kwd><kwd>aseptic inflammation</kwd><kwd>preterm birth</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Поисковое научное исследование № 1025032100275-0 «Разработка технологии комплексной оценки ремоделирования шейки матки с применением новых биофизических, биохимических, молекулярно-биологических методов».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Exploratory research study No. 1025032100275-0 “Development of a Technology for Comprehensive Assessment of Cervical Remodeling Using Novel Biophysical, Biochemical, and Molecular Biological Methods”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. 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