<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">akusherstvo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Акушерство, Гинекология и Репродукция</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2313-7347</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3194</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IRBIS LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17749/2313-7347/ob.gyn.rep.2026.754</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">akusherstvo-2856</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Association between sperm morphology and embryo cleavage rate in in vitro fertilization: a retrospective study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Взаимосвязь между морфологией сперматозоидов и скоростью дробления эмбрионов при экстракорпоральном оплодотворении: ретроспективное исследование</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9421-5958</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самсудин</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samsudin</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Самсудин Интан Солихат</p><p>Индонезия, 45363 Западная Ява, Регентство Сумеданг, шоссе Бандунг-Сумеданг, км. 21; Индонезия, 40161 Западная Ява, Бандунг, ул. Джалан Пастер, д. 38</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Intan Solihat Samsudin, MD</p><p>Bandung-Sumedang Highway KM 21, Sumedang Regency, West Java 45363, Indonesia; 38 Jalan Pasteur, Bandung, West Java 40161, Indonesia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">intan23007@mail.unpad.ac.id</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4591-0223</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рахмавати</surname><given-names>А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rachmawati</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рахмавати Анита</p><p>Индонезия, 45363 Западная Ява, Регентство Сумеданг, шоссе Бандунг-Сумеданг, км. 21; Индонезия, 40161 Западная Ява, Бандунг, ул. Джалан Пастер, д. 38</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anita Rachmawati, MD</p><p>Bandung-Sumedang Highway KM 21, Sumedang Regency, West Java 45363, Indonesia; 38 Jalan Pasteur, Bandung, West Java 40161, Indonesia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4836-5899</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Эрфианди</surname><given-names>Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Erfiandi</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Эрфианди Фебиа</p><p>Индонезия, 45363 Западная Ява, Регентство Сумеданг, шоссе Бандунг-Сумеданг, км. 21; Индонезия, 40161 Западная Ява, Бандунг, ул. Джалан Пастер, д. 38</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Febia Erfiandi, MD</p><p>Bandung-Sumedang Highway KM 21, Sumedang Regency, West Java 45363, Indonesia; 38 Jalan Pasteur, Bandung, West Java 40161, Indonesia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Деви</surname><given-names>Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Devi</surname><given-names>N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Деви Наталья</p><p>Индонезия, 40161 Западная Ява, Бандунг, ул. Джалан Пастер, д. 38</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia Devi, MD </p><p>38 Jalan Pasteur, Bandung, West Java 40161, Indonesia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Паджаджаранский Университет; Центральная больница общего профиля имени доктора Хасана Садикина</institution><country>Индонезия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Padjadjaran University; Dr. Hasan Sadikin Central General Hospital</institution><country>Indonesia</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центральная больница общего профиля имени доктора Хасана Садикина; Клиника бесплодия «Астер»</institution><country>Индонезия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Dr. Hasan Sadikin Central General Hospital; Aster Fertility Clinic</institution><country>Indonesia</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>0</issue><issue-title>Online First</issue-title><elocation-id>2856</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Samsudin I.S., Rachmawati A., Erfiandi F., Devi N., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Самсудин И.С., Рахмавати А., Эрфианди Ф., Деви Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Samsudin I.S., Rachmawati A., Erfiandi F., Devi N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gynecology.su/jour/article/view/2856">https://www.gynecology.su/jour/article/view/2856</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Infertility is a major reproductive health problem, and in vitro fertilization (IVF) with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is widely used to improve conception in infertile couples. Embryo cleavage rate is an important laboratory indicator of early embryo development, while sperm morphology may reflect sperm structural and genetic integrity.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim: to analyze the association between sperm morphology and embryo cleavage rate in patients undergoing IVF/ICSI.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. This analytical retrospective study used medical records of infertile couples undergoing IVF/ICSI at Dr. Hasan Sadikin Central General Hospital (Bandung) from January 2020 to December 2024. Patients with complete semen analysis based on World Health Organization (WHO) 2021 criteria and embryo development data up to day 2 post-fertilization were included. Sperm morphology was classified as normospermia or teratozoospermia, and cleavage rate as rapid, normal, or slow. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test, with odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. A total of 159 records were analyzed. Sperm morphology was significantly associated with cleavage rate (p = 0.001). Teratozoospermia was found in 97.0 % of rapid cleavage cases, 47.3 % of normal cleavage cases, and 93.9 % of slow cleavage cases. Teratozoospermia was associated with higher odds of rapid cleavage (OR = 35.636; 95 % CI = 4.673–271.760) and slow cleavage (OR = 17.261; 95 % CI = 3.903–76.340).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Sperm morphology is significantly associated with embryo cleavage rate in IVF/ICSI. Teratozoospermia may be related to altered timing of early embryo cleavage and may serve as an additional prognostic parameter in IVF/ICSI counseling and laboratory assessment.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Бесплодие является серьезной проблемой репродуктивного здоровья, и для улучшения возможности зачатия у бесплодных пар широко используется экстракорпоральное оплодотворение (ЭКО) с интрацитоплазматической инъекцией сперматозоидов (ИКСИ). Скорость дробления эмбриона является важным лабораторным индикатором его раннего развития, в то время как морфология сперматозоидов может отражать структурную и генетическую целостность сперматозоидов.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: проанализировать взаимосвязь между морфологией сперматозоидов и скоростью дробления эмбрионов у пациентов, проходящих ЭКО/ИКСИ.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В аналитическом ретроспективном исследовании использовали медицинские карты бесплодных пар, проходивших ЭКО/ИКСИ в Центральной больнице общего профиля имени доктора Хасана Садикина (Бандунг) с января 2020 г. по декабрь 2024 г. В исследование были включены пациенты с полным анализом спермы на основе критериев Всемирной организации здравоохранения (ВОЗ) от 2021 г. и данными о развитии эмбрионов до 2-го дня после оплодотворения. По морфологии сперматозоидов выделяли нормоспермию или тератозооспермию, а скорость дробления классифицировали как быструю, нормальную или медленную. Статистический анализ проводили с использованием критерия χ2 с расчетом отношения шансов (ОШ) и 95 % доверительных интервалов (ДИ).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Всего было проанализировано 159 записей. Морфология сперматозоидов была значимо связана со скоростью дробления (p = 0,001). Тератозооспермия была обнаружена в 97,0% случаев быстрого дробления, в 47,3% случаев нормального дробления и в 93,9% случаев медленного дробления. Тератозооспермия была связана с более высокими шансами быстрого дробления (ОШ = 35,636; 95 % ДИ = 4,673–271,760) и медленного дробления (ОШ = 17,261; 95 % ДИ = 3,903–76,340).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Морфология сперматозоидов значимо связана со скоростью дробления эмбрионов при ЭКО/ИКСИ. Тератозооспермия может быть связана с изменением сроков раннего дробления эмбрионов и может служить дополнительным прогностическим параметром при консультировании по поводу ЭКО/ИКСИ и при лабораторной оценке.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>морфология сперматозоидов</kwd><kwd>тератозооспермия</kwd><kwd>скорость дробления</kwd><kwd>экстракорпоральное оплодотворение</kwd><kwd>ЭКО</kwd><kwd>интрацитоплазматическая инъекция сперматозоидов</kwd><kwd>ИКСИ</kwd><kwd>бесплодие</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sperm morphology</kwd><kwd>teratozoospermia</kwd><kwd>cleavage rate</kwd><kwd>in vitro fertilization</kwd><kwd>IVF</kwd><kwd>intracytoplasmic sperm injection</kwd><kwd>ICSI</kwd><kwd>infertility</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agarwal A., Baskaran S., Parekh N. et al. Male infertility. Lancet. 2021;397(10271):319–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32667-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agarwal A., Baskaran S., Parekh N. et al. Male infertility. Lancet. 2021;397(10271):319–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32667-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ESHRE Special Interest Group of Embryology and Alpha Scientists in Reproductive Medicine. The Vienna consensus: report of an expert meeting on the development of ART laboratory performance indicators. Reprod Biomed Online. 2017;35(5):494–510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbmo.2017.06.015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">ESHRE Special Interest Group of Embryology and Alpha Scientists in Reproductive Medicine. The Vienna consensus: report of an expert meeting on the development of ART laboratory performance indicators. Reprod Biomed Online. 2017;35(5):494–510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbmo.2017.06.015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berger D.S., Abdelhafez F., Russell H. et al. Severe teratozoospermia and its influence on pronuclear morphology, embryonic cleavage and compaction. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2011;9:37. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7827-9-37.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berger D.S., Abdelhafez F., Russell H. et al. Severe teratozoospermia and its influence on pronuclear morphology, embryonic cleavage and compaction. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2011;9:37. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7827-9-37.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wyns C., Vogiatzi P., Saleh R. et al. Sperm morphology value in assisted reproduction: dismantling an enigma and key takeaways for the busy clinician. Ther Adv Reprod Health. 2024;18:26334941241303888. https://doi.org/10.1177/26334941241303888.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wyns C., Vogiatzi P., Saleh R. et al. Sperm morphology value in assisted reproduction: dismantling an enigma and key takeaways for the busy clinician. Ther Adv Reprod Health. 2024;18:26334941241303888. https://doi.org/10.1177/26334941241303888.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aydos O.S., Yükselten Y., Kaplan F. et al. Analysis of the correlation between sperm DNA integrity and conventional semen parameters in infertile men. Turk J Urol. 2015;41(4):191–7. https://doi.org/10.5152/tud.2015.98475.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aydos O.S., Yükselten Y., Kaplan F. et al. Analysis of the correlation between sperm DNA integrity and conventional semen parameters in infertile men. Turk J Urol. 2015;41(4):191–7. https://doi.org/10.5152/tud.2015.98475.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhu D.L., Zhang H.G., Wang R.X et al. Re-evaluation of the value of sperm morphology in classical in vitro fertilization in a Northeastern Chinese population. J Int Med Res. 2019;47(9):4134–42. https://doi.org/10.1177/0300060519860324.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhu D.L., Zhang H.G., Wang R.X et al. Re-evaluation of the value of sperm morphology in classical in vitro fertilization in a Northeastern Chinese population. J Int Med Res. 2019;47(9):4134–42. https://doi.org/10.1177/0300060519860324.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moretti E., Signorini C., Noto D. et al. The relevance of sperm morphology in male infertility. Front Reprod Health. 2022;4:945351. https://doi.org/10.3389/frph.2022.945351.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moretti E., Signorini C., Noto D. et al. The relevance of sperm morphology in male infertility. Front Reprod Health. 2022;4:945351. https://doi.org/10.3389/frph.2022.945351.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Middelkamp S., van Tol H.T.A., Spierings D.C.J. et al. Sperm DNA damage causes genomic instability in early embryonic development. Sci Adv. 2020;6(16):eaaz7602. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaz7602.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Middelkamp S., van Tol H.T.A., Spierings D.C.J. et al. Sperm DNA damage causes genomic instability in early embryonic development. Sci Adv. 2020;6(16):eaaz7602. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaz7602.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Burruel V., Klooster K., Barker C.M. et al. Abnormal early cleavage events predict early embryo demise: sperm oxidative stress and early abnormal cleavage. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6598. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep06598.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burruel V., Klooster K., Barker C.M. et al. Abnormal early cleavage events predict early embryo demise: sperm oxidative stress and early abnormal cleavage. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6598. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep06598.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hernández-Silva G., López-Torres A.S., Maldonado-Rosas I. et al. Effects of semen processing on sperm function: differences between swim-up and density gradient centrifugation. World J Mens Health. 2021;39(4):740–9. https://doi.org/10.5534/wjmh.200115.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hernández-Silva G., López-Torres A.S., Maldonado-Rosas I. et al. Effects of semen processing on sperm function: differences between swim-up and density gradient centrifugation. World J Mens Health. 2021;39(4):740–9. https://doi.org/10.5534/wjmh.200115.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yaramareddy S., Valluri L.B., Gottipati S. et al. A retrospective observational study on effect of sperm morphology on embryo development after intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Int J Reprod Contraception, Obstet Gynecol. 2023;12(4):1071–7. https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20230815.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yaramareddy S., Valluri L.B., Gottipati S. et al. A retrospective observational study on effect of sperm morphology on embryo development after intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Int J Reprod Contraception, Obstet Gynecol. 2023;12(4):1071–7. https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20230815.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lehti M.S., Sironen A. Formation and function of sperm tail structures in association with sperm motility defects. Biol Reprod. 2017;97(4):522–36. https://doi.org/10.1093/biolre/iox096.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lehti M.S., Sironen A. Formation and function of sperm tail structures in association with sperm motility defects. Biol Reprod. 2017;97(4):522–36. https://doi.org/10.1093/biolre/iox096.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ganeva R., Parvanov D., Velikova D. et al. Sperm morphology and DNA fragmentation after zona pellucida selection. Reprod Fertil. 2021;2(3):221–30. https://doi.org/10.1530/RAF-21-0041.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ganeva R., Parvanov D., Velikova D. et al. Sperm morphology and DNA fragmentation after zona pellucida selection. Reprod Fertil. 2021;2(3):221–30. https://doi.org/10.1530/RAF-21-0041.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jakubik-Uljasz J., Gill K., Rosiak-Gill A., Piasecka M. Relationship between sperm morphology and sperm DNA dispersion. Transl Androl Urol. 2020;9(2):405–15. https://doi.org/10.21037/tau.2020.01.31.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jakubik-Uljasz J., Gill K., Rosiak-Gill A., Piasecka M. Relationship between sperm morphology and sperm DNA dispersion. Transl Androl Urol. 2020;9(2):405–15. https://doi.org/10.21037/tau.2020.01.31.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nikolova S., Parvanov D., Georgieva V. et al. Impact of sperm characteristics on time‐lapse embryo morphokinetic parameters and clinical outcome of conventional in vitro fertilization. Andrology. 2020;8(5):1107–16. https://doi.org/10.1111/andr.12781.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nikolova S., Parvanov D., Georgieva V. et al. Impact of sperm characteristics on time‐lapse embryo morphokinetic parameters and clinical outcome of conventional in vitro fertilization. Andrology. 2020;8(5):1107–16. https://doi.org/10.1111/andr.12781.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
