akusherstvoObstetrics, Gynecology and ReproductionАкушерство, Гинекология и Репродукция2313-73472500-3194IRBIS LLC10.17749/2313-7347/ob.gyn.rep.2026.711akusherstvo-2757Research ArticleREVIEW ARTICLEНАУЧНЫЙ ОБЗОРYY1 expression and biological role in the human reproductive systemЭкспрессия и биологическая роль YY1 в репродуктивной системе человекаhttps://orcid.org/0009-0002-7610-5055АйдинянА. А.AidinyanA. A.

Айдинян Алина Артуровна

344022 Ростов-на-Дону, Нахичеванский переулок, д. 29

Alina A. Aidinyan

29 Nakhichevansky Lane, Rostov-on-Don 344022

alina.2001.03@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-9585-1476БушлановП. Ю.BushlanovP. Yu.

Бушланов Павел Юрьевич

344022 Ростов-на-Дону, Нахичеванский переулок, д. 29

Pavel Yu. Bushlanov

29 Nakhichevansky Lane, Rostov-on-Don 344022

https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0120-8919АлейниковаМ. В.AleinikovaM. V.

Алейникова Марина Витальевна

344022 Ростов-на-Дону, Нахичеванский переулок, д. 29

Marina V. Aleinikova

29 Nakhichevansky Lane, Rostov-on-Don 344022

https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9740-3059ДимитровН. Н.DimitrovN. N.

Димитров Николай Николаевич

344022 Ростов-на-Дону, Нахичеванский переулок, д. 29

Nikolay N. Dimitrov

29 Nakhichevansky Lane, Rostov-on-Don 344022

https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7749-9527НалбандянС. Г.NalbandyanS. G.

Налбандян София Григорьевна

344022 Ростов-на-Дону, Нахичеванский переулок, д. 29

Sofia G. Nalbandyan

29 Nakhichevansky Lane, Rostov-on-Don 344022

https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5065-4073МаковскаяА. Н.MakovskayaA. N.

Маковская Алина Нурлановна

191015 Санкт-Петербург, Кирочная ул., д. 41

Alina N. Makovskaya, MD

41 Kirochnaya Str., Saint Petersburg 191015

https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3763-4776АртемьеваА. О.ArtemyevaA. O.

Артемьева Анна Олеговна

450008 Уфа, ул. Ленина, д. 3

Anna O. Artemyeva

3 Lenin Str., Ufa 450008

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9030-757XГрафД. А.GrafD. A.

Граф Данил Алексеевич

454141 Челябинск, ул. Воровского, д. 64

Danil A. Graf, MD

64 Vorovsky Str., Chelyabinsk 454141

https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4506-3331КодесниковаЮ. Н.KodesnikovaYu. N.

Кодесникова Юлиана Николаевна

426034 Ижевск, ул. Коммунаров, д. 281

Yuliana N. Kodesnikova, MD

281 Kommunarov Str., Izhevsk, 426034

https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7838-3975ЧикмареваЛ. В.ChikmarevaL. V.

Чикмарева Лилиана Владимировна

420012 Казань, ул. Бутлерова, д. 49

Liliana V. Chikmareva, MD

420012 Kazan, Butlerova Street, 49

https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9164-9459ТрякинаА. О.TryakinaA. O.

Трякина Александра Олеговна

117513 Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1

Aleksandra O. Tryakina, MD

1 Ostrovityanova Str., Moscow 117513

https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2748-5640КирилловаМ. Е.KirillovaM. E.

Кириллова Маргарита Ефимовна

117513 Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1

Margarita E. Kirillova, MD

1 Ostrovityanova Str., Moscow 117513

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6875-136XГороховИ. А.GorokhovI. A.

Горохов Илья Андреевич

199034 Санкт-Петербург, Университетская набережная, д. 7/9 

Ilya A. Gorokhov

199034 Saint Petersburg, Universitetskaya Embankment, 7/9

ФГБОУ ВО «Ростовский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияRostov State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationRussian Federation2ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И.И. Мечникова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияMechnikov North-Western State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияBashkir State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Южно-Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияSouth Ural State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Ижевский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияIzhevsk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияKazan State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationRussian FederationФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияPirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»РоссияSaint Petersburg State UniversityRussian Federation20200904202600Online First2757Copyright © Aidinyan A.A., Bushlanov P.Y., Aleinikova M.V., Dimitrov N.N., Nalbandyan S.G., Makovskaya A.N., Artemyeva A.O., Graf D.A., Kodesnikova Y.N., Chikmareva L.V., Tryakina A.O., Kirillova M.E., Gorokhov I.A., 20202020Айдинян А.А., Бушланов П.Ю., Алейникова М.В., Димитров Н.Н., Налбандян С.Г., Маковская А.Н., Артемьева А.О., Граф Д.А., Кодесникова Ю.Н., Чикмарева Л.В., Трякина А.О., Кириллова М.Е., Горохов И.А.Aidinyan A.A., Bushlanov P.Y., Aleinikova M.V., Dimitrov N.N., Nalbandyan S.G., Makovskaya A.N., Artemyeva A.O., Graf D.A., Kodesnikova Y.N., Chikmareva L.V., Tryakina A.O., Kirillova M.E., Gorokhov I.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.gynecology.su/jour/article/view/2757

The transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is a multifunctional regulator of gene expression involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to its role in the human reproductive system; however, available data remain fragmented and require systematic analysis. This review summarizes current experimental and clinical evidence regarding YY1 expression and biological functions in both the female and male reproductive systems. In the female reproductive system, YY1 is involved in regulating folliculogenesis and oocyte maturation, early embryonic development, implantation, and placentation. Its role in modulating trophoblast invasiveness and immune properties, as well as in the formation of the maternal-placental interface, has been demonstrated. Dysregulation of YY1 expression is associated with gestational complications such as recurrent pregnancy loss and preeclampsia. A separate section of the review addresses the role of YY1 in the pathogenesis of gynecological malignancies, including ovarian, cervical, and endometrial cancers, where YY1 contributes to the regulation of tumor growth, invasion, cancer stem cell-related properties, as well as sensitivity to anticancer therapy. In the male reproductive system, YY1 plays a key role in spermatogenesis, maintenance of spermatogonial stem cell function, and meiotic progression. In addition, YY1 has been reported to play a role in the molecular mechanisms underlying prostate cancer progression and the development of resistance to apoptosis and pharmacological treatments. Overall, YY1 represents a central regulatory node in reproductive processes in both physiological and pathological conditions. Further investigation assessing YY1-related molecular mechanisms may facilitate development of novel diagnostic markers and targeted therapeutic strategies in reproductive medicine and oncogynecology.

Транскрипционный фактор Yin Yang 1 (YY1) представляет собой многофункциональный регулятор экспрессии генов, участвующий в широком спектре физиологических и патологических процессов. В последние годы все большее внимание уделяется его роли в репродуктивной системе человека, однако данные остаются разрозненными и требуют систематизации. Настоящий обзор обобщает современные экспериментальные и клинические сведения об экспрессии и биологической функции YY1 в женской и мужской репродуктивной системе. В женской репродуктивной системе YY1 участвует в регуляции фолликулогенеза и созревания ооцита, раннего эмбрионального развития, имплантации и процессов плацентации. Показано его влияние на инвазивные и иммуномодулирующие свойства трофобласта, а также на формирование маточно-плацентарного интерфейса. Нарушения экспрессии YY1 ассоциированы с такими гестационными осложнениями, как привычное невынашивание беременности и преэклампсия. Отдельный раздел обзора посвящен роли YY1 в патогенезе гинекологических злокачественных новообразований, включая рак яичников, рак шейки матки и рак эндометрия, где YY1 вовлечен в регуляцию опухолевого роста, инвазии, стволовых свойств опухолевых клеток и чувствительности к противоопухолевой терапии. В мужской репродуктивной системе YY1 играет ключевую роль в сперматогенезе, поддержании функции сперматогониальных стволовых клеток и мейотическом делении. Кроме того, показано его участие в молекулярных механизмах прогрессирования рака предстательной железы и формировании устойчивости опухолевых клеток к апоптозу и лекарственному воздействию. YY1 является важным узловым регулятором репродуктивных процессов в норме и патологии. Дальнейшее изучение молекулярных механизмов его действия может способствовать разработке новых диагностических маркеров и таргетных терапевтических подходов в репродуктологии и онкогинекологии.

транскрипционный фактор YY1репродуктивная системафолликулогенезсперматогенезэмбриональное развитиеимплантацияплацентациягестационные осложнениягинекологические злокачественные новообразованиярак предстательной железыYY1 transcription factorreproductive systemfolliculogenesisspermatogenesisembryonic developmentimplantationplacentationgestational complicationsgynecological malignanciesprostate cancerReferencesMartins Peçanha F.L., Jaafar R., Werneck-de-Castro J.P. et al. The transcription factor YY1 is essential for normal DNA repair and cell cycle in human and mouse β-cells. Diabetes. 2022;71(8):1694–705. https://doi.org/10.2337/db21-0908.Martins Peçanha F.L., Jaafar R., Werneck-de-Castro J.P. et al. The transcription factor YY1 is essential for normal DNA repair and cell cycle in human and mouse β-cells. Diabetes. 2022;71(8):1694–705. https://doi.org/10.2337/db21-0908.Huang N.E., Lin C.H., Lin Y.S., Yu W.C. Modulation of YY1 activity by SAP30. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003;306(1):267–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-291X(03)00966-5.Huang N.E., Lin C.H., Lin Y.S., Yu W.C. Modulation of YY1 activity by SAP30. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003;306(1):267–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-291X(03)00966-5.Khachigian L.M. The Yin and Yang of YY1 in tumor growth and suppression. Int J Cancer. 2018;143(3):460–465. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.31255.Khachigian L.M. The Yin and Yang of YY1 in tumor growth and suppression. Int J Cancer. 2018;143(3):460–465. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.31255.Houbaviy H.B., Usheva A., Shenk T. et al. Cocrystal structure of YY1 bound to the adeno-associated virus P5 initiator. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996;93(24):13577–82. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.24.13577.Houbaviy H.B., Usheva A., Shenk T. et al. Cocrystal structure of YY1 bound to the adeno-associated virus P5 initiator. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996;93(24):13577–82. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.24.13577.Donald H., Blane A., Buthelezi S. et al. Assessing the dynamics and macromolecular interactions of the intrinsically disordered protein YY1. Biosci Rep. 2023;43(10):BSR20231295. https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20231295.Donald H., Blane A., Buthelezi S. et al. Assessing the dynamics and macromolecular interactions of the intrinsically disordered protein YY1. Biosci Rep. 2023;43(10):BSR20231295. https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20231295.Feng L., Ma Y., Sun J. et al. YY1–MIR372–SQSTM1 regulatory axis in autophagy. Autophagy. 2014;10(8):1442–53. https://doi.org/10.4161/auto.29486.Feng L., Ma Y., Sun J. et al. YY1–MIR372–SQSTM1 regulatory axis in autophagy. Autophagy. 2014;10(8):1442–53. https://doi.org/10.4161/auto.29486.Wang X., Fan W., Li N. et al. YY1 lactylation in microglia promotes angiogenesis through transcription activation-mediated upregulation of FGF2. Genome Biol. 2023;24(1):87. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-023-02931-y.Wang X., Fan W., Li N. et al. YY1 lactylation in microglia promotes angiogenesis through transcription activation-mediated upregulation of FGF2. Genome Biol. 2023;24(1):87. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-023-02931-y.Kleiman E., Jia H., Loguercio S. et al. YY1 plays an essential role at all stages of B-cell differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016;113(27):E3911–E3920. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1606297113.Kleiman E., Jia H., Loguercio S. et al. YY1 plays an essential role at all stages of B-cell differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016;113(27):E3911–E3920. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1606297113.Hwang S.S., Jang S.W., Kim M.K. et al. YY1 inhibits differentiation and function of regulatory T cells by blocking Foxp3 expression and activity. Nat Commun. 2016;7:10789. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10789.Hwang S.S., Jang S.W., Kim M.K. et al. YY1 inhibits differentiation and function of regulatory T cells by blocking Foxp3 expression and activity. Nat Commun. 2016;7:10789. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10789.Chen F., Zhou J., Li Y. et al. YY1 regulates skeletal muscle regeneration through controlling metabolic reprogramming of satellite cells. EMBO J. 2019;38(10):e99727. https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.201899727.Chen F., Zhou J., Li Y. et al. YY1 regulates skeletal muscle regeneration through controlling metabolic reprogramming of satellite cells. EMBO J. 2019;38(10):e99727. https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.201899727.Meliala I.T.S., Hosea R., Kasim V., Wu S. The biological implications of Yin Yang 1 in the hallmarks of cancer. Theranostics. 2020;10(9):4183–200. https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.43481.Meliala I.T.S., Hosea R., Kasim V., Wu S. The biological implications of Yin Yang 1 in the hallmarks of cancer. Theranostics. 2020;10(9):4183–200. https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.43481.Lichtenauer U.D., Di Dalmazi G., Slater E.P. et al. Frequency and clinical correlates of somatic Yin Yang 1 mutations in sporadic insulinomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015;100(5):E776–E782. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2015-1100.Lichtenauer U.D., Di Dalmazi G., Slater E.P. et al. Frequency and clinical correlates of somatic Yin Yang 1 mutations in sporadic insulinomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015;100(5):E776–E782. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2015-1100.Cao Y., Gao Z., Li L. et al. Whole exome sequencing of insulinoma reveals recurrent T372R mutations in YY1. Nat Commun. 2013;4:2810. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms3810.Cao Y., Gao Z., Li L. et al. Whole exome sequencing of insulinoma reveals recurrent T372R mutations in YY1. Nat Commun. 2013;4:2810. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms3810.Figiel M., Łakomska J., Dziedzicka-Wasylewska M., Górecki A. The effect of D380Y pathogenic mutation in human Yin Yang 1 on the protein's structure and function. Acta Biochim Pol. 2020;67(1):73–7. https://doi.org/10.18388/abp.2020_2911.Figiel M., Łakomska J., Dziedzicka-Wasylewska M., Górecki A. The effect of D380Y pathogenic mutation in human Yin Yang 1 on the protein's structure and function. Acta Biochim Pol. 2020;67(1):73–7. https://doi.org/10.18388/abp.2020_2911.Zurkirchen L., Varum S., Giger S. et al. Yin Yang 1 sustains biosynthetic demands during brain development in a stage-specific manner. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1):2192. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09823-5.Zurkirchen L., Varum S., Giger S. et al. Yin Yang 1 sustains biosynthetic demands during brain development in a stage-specific manner. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1):2192. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09823-5.Tian F.J., Cheng Y.X., Li X.C. et al. The YY1/MMP2 axis promotes trophoblast invasion at the maternal–fetal interface. J Pathol. 2016;239(1):36–47. https://doi.org/10.1002/path.4694.Tian F.J., Cheng Y.X., Li X.C. et al. The YY1/MMP2 axis promotes trophoblast invasion at the maternal–fetal interface. J Pathol. 2016;239(1):36–47. https://doi.org/10.1002/path.4694.Yang D., Ding J., Wang Y. et al. YY1–PVT1 affects trophoblast invasion and adhesion by regulating mTOR pathway-mediated autophagy. J Cell Physiol. 2020;235(10):6637–46. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.29560.Yang D., Ding J., Wang Y. et al. YY1–PVT1 affects trophoblast invasion and adhesion by regulating mTOR pathway-mediated autophagy. J Cell Physiol. 2020;235(10):6637–46. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.29560.Ficzycz A., Eskiw C., Meyer D. et al. Expression, activity, and subcellular localization of the Yin Yang 1 transcription factor in Xenopus oocytes and embryos. J Biol Chem. 2001;276(25):22819–25. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M011188200.Ficzycz A., Eskiw C., Meyer D. et al. Expression, activity, and subcellular localization of the Yin Yang 1 transcription factor in Xenopus oocytes and embryos. J Biol Chem. 2001;276(25):22819–25. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M011188200.Griffith G.J., Trask M.C., Hiller J. et al. Yin Yang 1 is required in the mammalian oocyte for follicle expansion. Biol Reprod. 2011;84(4):654–63. https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.110.087213.Griffith G.J., Trask M.C., Hiller J. et al. Yin Yang 1 is required in the mammalian oocyte for follicle expansion. Biol Reprod. 2011;84(4):654–63. https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.110.087213.Hu M., Gao T., Du Y. MiR-98-3p regulates ovarian granulosa cell proliferation and apoptosis in polycystic ovary syndrome by targeting YY1. Med Mol Morphol. 2022;55(1):47–59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00795-021-00307-4.Hu M., Gao T., Du Y. MiR-98-3p regulates ovarian granulosa cell proliferation and apoptosis in polycystic ovary syndrome by targeting YY1. Med Mol Morphol. 2022;55(1):47–59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00795-021-00307-4.Yin Y., Zhang J., Yu H. et al. Effect of lncRNA-ATB/miR-651-3p/Yin Yang 1 pathway on trophoblast–endothelial cell interaction networks. J Cell Mol Med. 2021;25(12):5391–403. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcmm.16550.Yin Y., Zhang J., Yu H. et al. Effect of lncRNA-ATB/miR-651-3p/Yin Yang 1 pathway on trophoblast–endothelial cell interaction networks. J Cell Mol Med. 2021;25(12):5391–403. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcmm.16550.Morshed M., Ando M., Yamamoto J. et al. YY1 binds to regulatory element of chicken lysozyme and ovalbumin promoters. Cytotechnology. 2006;52(3):159–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10616-006-9017-4.Morshed M., Ando M., Yamamoto J. et al. YY1 binds to regulatory element of chicken lysozyme and ovalbumin promoters. Cytotechnology. 2006;52(3):159–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10616-006-9017-4.Li R., Song X.T., Guo S.W. et al. YY1 and RTCB in mouse uterine decidualization and embryo implantation. Reproduction. 2021;162(6):461–72. https://doi.org/10.1530/REP-21-0281.Li R., Song X.T., Guo S.W. et al. YY1 and RTCB in mouse uterine decidualization and embryo implantation. Reproduction. 2021;162(6):461–72. https://doi.org/10.1530/REP-21-0281.Li H., Yu L., Ding Y. et al. Yin Yang 1 impacts upon preeclampsia by regulating Treg/Th17 cells and PI3K/AKT pathway. J Immunotoxicol. 2023;20(1):2228420. https://doi.org/10.1080/1547691X.2023.2228420.Li H., Yu L., Ding Y. et al. Yin Yang 1 impacts upon preeclampsia by regulating Treg/Th17 cells and PI3K/AKT pathway. J Immunotoxicol. 2023;20(1):2228420. https://doi.org/10.1080/1547691X.2023.2228420.Uhlén M., Fagerberg L., Hallström B.M. et al. Tissue-based map of the human proteome. Science. 2015;347(6220):1260419. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1260419.Uhlén M., Fagerberg L., Hallström B.M. et al. Tissue-based map of the human proteome. Science. 2015;347(6220):1260419. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1260419.Zhao H., Dong Y., Zhang Y. et al. Supplementation of SDF1 during pig oocyte in vitro maturation improves subsequent embryo development. Molecules. 2022;27(20):6830. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27206830.Zhao H., Dong Y., Zhang Y. et al. Supplementation of SDF1 during pig oocyte in vitro maturation improves subsequent embryo development. Molecules. 2022;27(20):6830. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27206830.Bunker C.A., Kingston R.E. Transcriptional repression by Drosophila and mammalian Polycomb group proteins in transfected mammalian cells. Mol Cell Biol. 1994;14(3):1721–32. https://doi.org/10.1128/mcb.14.3.1721-1732.1994.Bunker C.A., Kingston R.E. Transcriptional repression by Drosophila and mammalian Polycomb group proteins in transfected mammalian cells. Mol Cell Biol. 1994;14(3):1721–32. https://doi.org/10.1128/mcb.14.3.1721-1732.1994.Roy B., Lee A.S. The mammalian endoplasmic reticulum stress response element consists of an evolutionarily conserved tripartite structure and interacts with a novel stress-inducible complex. Nucleic Acids Res. 1999;27(6):1437–43. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/27.6.1437.Roy B., Lee A.S. The mammalian endoplasmic reticulum stress response element consists of an evolutionarily conserved tripartite structure and interacts with a novel stress-inducible complex. Nucleic Acids Res. 1999;27(6):1437–43. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/27.6.1437.Chen W., E Q., Sun B. et al. PARP1-catalyzed PARylation of YY1 mediates endoplasmic reticulum stress in granulosa cells to determine primordial follicle activation. Cell Death Dis. 2023;14(8):524. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-023-05984-w.Chen W., E Q., Sun B. et al. PARP1-catalyzed PARylation of YY1 mediates endoplasmic reticulum stress in granulosa cells to determine primordial follicle activation. Cell Death Dis. 2023;14(8):524. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-023-05984-w.Du X., Guo J., Cao Q.Y. et al. A haplotype variant of Hu sheep follicle-stimulating hormone receptor promoter region decreases transcriptional activity. Anim Genet. 2019;50(4):407–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/age.12794.Du X., Guo J., Cao Q.Y. et al. A haplotype variant of Hu sheep follicle-stimulating hormone receptor promoter region decreases transcriptional activity. Anim Genet. 2019;50(4):407–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/age.12794.Zhou M., Liu X., Qiukai E. et al. Long non-coding RNA Xist regulates oocyte loss via suppressing miR-23b-3p/miR-29a-3p maturation and upregulating STX17 in perinatal mouse ovaries. Cell Death Dis. 2021;12(6):540. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-021-03831-4.Zhou M., Liu X., Qiukai E. et al. Long non-coding RNA Xist regulates oocyte loss via suppressing miR-23b-3p/miR-29a-3p maturation and upregulating STX17 in perinatal mouse ovaries. Cell Death Dis. 2021;12(6):540. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-021-03831-4.Jin L., Yang Q., Zhou C. et al. Profiles for long non-coding RNAs in ovarian granulosa cells from women with PCOS with or without hyperandrogenism. Reprod Biomed Online. 2018;37(5):613–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbmo.2018.08.005.Jin L., Yang Q., Zhou C. et al. Profiles for long non-coding RNAs in ovarian granulosa cells from women with PCOS with or without hyperandrogenism. Reprod Biomed Online. 2018;37(5):613–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbmo.2018.08.005.Wallingford M.C., Hiller J., Zhang K., Mager J. YY1 is required for posttranscriptional stability of SOX2 and OCT4 proteins. Cell Reprogram. 2017;19(4):263–9. https://doi.org/10.1089/cell.2017.0002.Wallingford M.C., Hiller J., Zhang K., Mager J. YY1 is required for posttranscriptional stability of SOX2 and OCT4 proteins. Cell Reprogram. 2017;19(4):263–9. https://doi.org/10.1089/cell.2017.0002.Wang T., Peng J., Fan J. et al. Single-cell multi-omics profiling of human preimplantation embryos identifies cytoskeletal defects during embryonic arrest. Nat Cell Biol. 2024;26(2):263–77. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41556-023-01328-0.Wang T., Peng J., Fan J. et al. Single-cell multi-omics profiling of human preimplantation embryos identifies cytoskeletal defects during embryonic arrest. Nat Cell Biol. 2024;26(2):263–77. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41556-023-01328-0.Sakamoto M., Abe S., Miki Y. et al. Dynamic nucleosome remodeling mediated by YY1 underlies early mouse development. Genes Dev. 2023;37(13–14):590–604. https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.350376.122.Sakamoto M., Abe S., Miki Y. et al. Dynamic nucleosome remodeling mediated by YY1 underlies early mouse development. Genes Dev. 2023;37(13–14):590–604. https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.350376.122.Dong Y., Wu X., Peng X. et al. Knockdown of YY1 inhibits XIST expression and enhances cloned pig embryo development. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(23):14572. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314572.Dong Y., Wu X., Peng X. et al. Knockdown of YY1 inhibits XIST expression and enhances cloned pig embryo development. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(23):14572. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314572.Donohoe M.E., Zhang X., McGinnis L. et al. Targeted disruption of mouse Yin Yang 1 transcription factor results in peri-implantation lethality. Mol Cell Biol. 1999;19(10):7237–44. https://doi.org/10.1128/MCB.19.10.7237.Donohoe M.E., Zhang X., McGinnis L. et al. Targeted disruption of mouse Yin Yang 1 transcription factor results in peri-implantation lethality. Mol Cell Biol. 1999;19(10):7237–44. https://doi.org/10.1128/MCB.19.10.7237.Staun-Ram E., Shalev E. Human trophoblast function during the implantation process. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2005;3:56. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7827-3-56.Staun-Ram E., Shalev E. Human trophoblast function during the implantation process. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2005;3:56. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7827-3-56.Zhang X.Y., Qin X.Y., Shen H.H. et al. IL-27 deficiency inhibits proliferation and invasion of trophoblasts via the SFRP2/Wnt/β-catenin pathway in fetal growth restriction. Int J Med Sci. 2023;20(3):392–405. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.80684.Zhang X.Y., Qin X.Y., Shen H.H. et al. IL-27 deficiency inhibits proliferation and invasion of trophoblasts via the SFRP2/Wnt/β-catenin pathway in fetal growth restriction. Int J Med Sci. 2023;20(3):392–405. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.80684.Jiang L., Long A., Tan L. et al. Elevated microRNA-520g in pre-eclampsia inhibits migration and invasion of trophoblasts. Placenta. 2017;51:70–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2017.02.001.Jiang L., Long A., Tan L. et al. Elevated microRNA-520g in pre-eclampsia inhibits migration and invasion of trophoblasts. Placenta. 2017;51:70–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2017.02.001.Ding J., Zhang Y., Cai X. et al. Extracellular vesicles derived from M1 macrophages deliver miR-146a-5p and miR-146b-5p to suppress trophoblast migration and invasion by targeting TRAF6 in recurrent spontaneous abortion. Theranostics. 2021;11(12):5813–30. https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.58731.Ding J., Zhang Y., Cai X. et al. Extracellular vesicles derived from M1 macrophages deliver miR-146a-5p and miR-146b-5p to suppress trophoblast migration and invasion by targeting TRAF6 in recurrent spontaneous abortion. Theranostics. 2021;11(12):5813–30. https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.58731.Zhang Y., Wang H., Qiu P. et al. Decidual macrophages derived NO downregulates PD-L1 in trophoblasts leading to decreased Treg cells in recurrent miscarriage. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1180154. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1180154.Zhang Y., Wang H., Qiu P. et al. Decidual macrophages derived NO downregulates PD-L1 in trophoblasts leading to decreased Treg cells in recurrent miscarriage. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1180154. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1180154.Wang Y., Yang D., Zhu R. et al. YY1/ITGA3 pathway may affect trophoblastic cells migration and invasion ability. J Reprod Immunol. 2022;153:103666. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jri.2022.103666.Wang Y., Yang D., Zhu R. et al. YY1/ITGA3 pathway may affect trophoblastic cells migration and invasion ability. J Reprod Immunol. 2022;153:103666. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jri.2022.103666.Wang Y., Chen A. Mast cell-derived exosomal miR-181a-5p modulated trophoblast cell viability, migration, and invasion via YY1/MMP-9 axis. J Clin Lab Anal. 2022;36(7):e24549. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcla.24549.Wang Y., Chen A. Mast cell-derived exosomal miR-181a-5p modulated trophoblast cell viability, migration, and invasion via YY1/MMP-9 axis. J Clin Lab Anal. 2022;36(7):e24549. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcla.24549.Wang R., Su L., Yu S. et al. Inhibition of PHLDA2 transcription by DNA methylation and YY1 in goat placenta. Gene. 2020;739:144512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2020.144512.Wang R., Su L., Yu S. et al. Inhibition of PHLDA2 transcription by DNA methylation and YY1 in goat placenta. Gene. 2020;739:144512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2020.144512.Mahadevan S., Wen S., Wan Y.W. et al. NLRP7 affects trophoblast lineage differentiation, binds to overexpressed YY1 and alters CpG methylation. Hum Mol Genet. 2014;23(3):706–16. https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddt457.Mahadevan S., Wen S., Wan Y.W. et al. NLRP7 affects trophoblast lineage differentiation, binds to overexpressed YY1 and alters CpG methylation. Hum Mol Genet. 2014;23(3):706–16. https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddt457.Arribas J., Castellví J., Marcos R. et al. Expression of YY1 in differentiated thyroid cancer. Endocr Pathol. 2015;26(2):111–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12022-015-9359-6.Arribas J., Castellví J., Marcos R. et al. Expression of YY1 in differentiated thyroid cancer. Endocr Pathol. 2015;26(2):111–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12022-015-9359-6.Kaufhold S., Garbán H., Bonavida B. Yin Yang 1 is associated with cancer stem cell transcription factors (SOX2, OCT4, BMI1) and clinical implication. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2016;35:84. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13046-016-0359-2.Kaufhold S., Garbán H., Bonavida B. Yin Yang 1 is associated with cancer stem cell transcription factors (SOX2, OCT4, BMI1) and clinical implication. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2016;35:84. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13046-016-0359-2.Baritaki S., Sifakis S., Huerta-Yepez S. et al. Overexpression of VEGF and TGF-beta1 mRNA in Pap smears correlates with progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia to cancer: implication of YY1 in cervical tumorigenesis and HPV infection. Int J Oncol. 2007;31(1):69–79.Baritaki S., Sifakis S., Huerta-Yepez S. et al. Overexpression of VEGF and TGF-beta1 mRNA in Pap smears correlates with progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia to cancer: implication of YY1 in cervical tumorigenesis and HPV infection. Int J Oncol. 2007;31(1):69–79.Wang W., Yue Z., Tian Z. et al. Expression of Yin Yang 1 in cervical cancer and its correlation with E-cadherin expression and HPV16 E6. PLoS One. 2018;13(2):e0193340. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193340.Wang W., Yue Z., Tian Z. et al. Expression of Yin Yang 1 in cervical cancer and its correlation with E-cadherin expression and HPV16 E6. PLoS One. 2018;13(2):e0193340. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193340.He G., Wang Q., Zhou Y. et al. YY1 is a novel potential therapeutic target for the treatment of HPV infection-induced cervical cancer by arsenic trioxide. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2011;21(6):1097–104. https://doi.org/10.1097/IGC.0b013e31821d2525.He G., Wang Q., Zhou Y. et al. YY1 is a novel potential therapeutic target for the treatment of HPV infection-induced cervical cancer by arsenic trioxide. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2011;21(6):1097–104. https://doi.org/10.1097/IGC.0b013e31821d2525.Zhou W.Y., Chen J.C., Jiao T.T. et al. MicroRNA-181 targets Yin Yang 1 expression and inhibits cervical cancer progression. Mol Med Rep. 2015;11(6):4541–6. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.3324.Zhou W.Y., Chen J.C., Jiao T.T. et al. MicroRNA-181 targets Yin Yang 1 expression and inhibits cervical cancer progression. Mol Med Rep. 2015;11(6):4541–6. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.3324.Liu H., Xu J., Yang Y. et al. Oncogenic HPV promotes the expression of the long noncoding RNA lnc-FANCI-2 through E7 and YY1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021;118(3):e2014195118. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2014195118.Liu H., Xu J., Yang Y. et al. Oncogenic HPV promotes the expression of the long noncoding RNA lnc-FANCI-2 through E7 and YY1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021;118(3):e2014195118. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2014195118.Gao Y., Ma X., Lu H. et al. PLAU is associated with cell migration and invasion and is regulated by transcription factor YY1 in cervical cancer. Oncol Rep. 2023;49(2):25. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2022.8462.Gao Y., Ma X., Lu H. et al. PLAU is associated with cell migration and invasion and is regulated by transcription factor YY1 in cervical cancer. Oncol Rep. 2023;49(2):25. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2022.8462.Wang H., Gao P., Zheng J. Arsenic trioxide inhibits cell proliferation and human papillomavirus oncogene expression in cervical cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2014;451(4):556–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.08.014.Wang H., Gao P., Zheng J. Arsenic trioxide inhibits cell proliferation and human papillomavirus oncogene expression in cervical cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2014;451(4):556–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.08.014.Hongo F., Garban H., Huerta-Yepez S. et al. Inhibition of the transcription factor Yin Yang 1 activity by S-nitrosation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005;336(2):692–701. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.08.150.Hongo F., Garban H., Huerta-Yepez S. et al. Inhibition of the transcription factor Yin Yang 1 activity by S-nitrosation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005;336(2):692–701. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.08.150.Yi C., Li G., Wang W. et al. Disruption of YY1-EZH2 interaction using synthetic peptides inhibits breast cancer development. Cancers (Basel). 2021;13(10):2402. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13102402.Yi C., Li G., Wang W. et al. Disruption of YY1-EZH2 interaction using synthetic peptides inhibits breast cancer development. Cancers (Basel). 2021;13(10):2402. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13102402.Wu S., Zhang L., Deng J. et al. A novel micropeptide encoded by Y-Linked LINC00278 links cigarette smoking and AR signaling in male esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Res. 2020;80(13):2790–803. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-19-3440.Wu S., Zhang L., Deng J. et al. A novel micropeptide encoded by Y-Linked LINC00278 links cigarette smoking and AR signaling in male esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Res. 2020;80(13):2790–803. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-19-3440.Hosea R., Hillary S., Wu S., Kasim V. Targeting transcription Factor YY1 for cancer treatment: current strategies and future directions. Cancers (Basel). 2023;15(13):3506. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15133506.Hosea R., Hillary S., Wu S., Kasim V. Targeting transcription Factor YY1 for cancer treatment: current strategies and future directions. Cancers (Basel). 2023;15(13):3506. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15133506.Nie X., Chen H., Xiong Y. et al. Anisomycin has a potential toxicity of promoting cuproptosis in human ovarian cancer stem cells by attenuating YY1/lipoic acid pathway activation. J Cancer. 2022;13(14):3503–14. https://doi.org/10.7150/jca.77445.Nie X., Chen H., Xiong Y. et al. Anisomycin has a potential toxicity of promoting cuproptosis in human ovarian cancer stem cells by attenuating YY1/lipoic acid pathway activation. J Cancer. 2022;13(14):3503–14. https://doi.org/10.7150/jca.77445.Matsumura N., Huang Z., Baba T. et al. Yin Yang 1 modulates taxane response in epithelial ovarian cancer. Mol Cancer Res. 2009;7(2):210–20. https://doi.org/10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-08-0255.Matsumura N., Huang Z., Baba T. et al. Yin Yang 1 modulates taxane response in epithelial ovarian cancer. Mol Cancer Res. 2009;7(2):210–20. https://doi.org/10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-08-0255.Wu H., Xia L., Sun L. et al. RPL35A drives ovarian cancer progression by promoting the binding of YY1 to CTCF promoter. J Cell Mol Med. 2024;28(6):e18115. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcmm.18115.Wu H., Xia L., Sun L. et al. RPL35A drives ovarian cancer progression by promoting the binding of YY1 to CTCF promoter. J Cell Mol Med. 2024;28(6):e18115. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcmm.18115.Xia B., Li H., Yang S. et al. MiR-381 inhibits epithelial ovarian cancer malignancy via YY1 suppression. Tumour Biol. 2016;37(7):9157–67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13277-016-4805-8.Xia B., Li H., Yang S. et al. MiR-381 inhibits epithelial ovarian cancer malignancy via YY1 suppression. Tumour Biol. 2016;37(7):9157–67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13277-016-4805-8.Qian S., Wang W., Li M. Transcriptional factor Yin Yang 1 facilitates the stemness of ovarian cancer via suppressing miR-99a activity through enhancing its deacetylation level. Biomed Pharmacother. 2020;126:110085. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110085.Qian S., Wang W., Li M. Transcriptional factor Yin Yang 1 facilitates the stemness of ovarian cancer via suppressing miR-99a activity through enhancing its deacetylation level. Biomed Pharmacother. 2020;126:110085. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110085.Tang Z., Xing F., Chen D. et al. In vivo toxicological evaluation of Anisomycin. Toxicol Lett. 2012;208(1):1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.10.001.Tang Z., Xing F., Chen D. et al. In vivo toxicological evaluation of Anisomycin. Toxicol Lett. 2012;208(1):1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.10.001.Ye W., Ni Z., Yicheng S. et al. Anisomycin inhibits angiogenesis in ovarian cancer by attenuating the molecular sponge effect of the lncRNA-Meg3/miR-421/PDGFRA axis. Int J Oncol. 2019;55(6):1296–312. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2019.4887.Ye W., Ni Z., Yicheng S. et al. Anisomycin inhibits angiogenesis in ovarian cancer by attenuating the molecular sponge effect of the lncRNA-Meg3/miR-421/PDGFRA axis. Int J Oncol. 2019;55(6):1296–312. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2019.4887.Wu S., Hu Y.C., Liu H., Shi Y. Loss of YY1 impacts the heterochromatic state and meiotic double-strand breaks during mouse spermatogenesis. Mol Cell Biol. 2009;29(23):6245–56. https://doi.org/10.1128/MCB.00679-09.Wu S., Hu Y.C., Liu H., Shi Y. Loss of YY1 impacts the heterochromatic state and meiotic double-strand breaks during mouse spermatogenesis. Mol Cell Biol. 2009;29(23):6245–56. https://doi.org/10.1128/MCB.00679-09.Kim J.S., Chae J.H., Cheon Y.P., Kim C.G. Reciprocal localization of transcription factors YY1 and CP2c in spermatogonial stem cells and their putative roles during spermatogenesis. Acta Histochem. 2016;118(7):685–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acthis.2016.08.005.Kim J.S., Chae J.H., Cheon Y.P., Kim C.G. Reciprocal localization of transcription factors YY1 and CP2c in spermatogonial stem cells and their putative roles during spermatogenesis. Acta Histochem. 2016;118(7):685–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acthis.2016.08.005.Chen L., Qiao L., Guo Y. et al. Localization and regulatory function of Yin Yang 1 (YY1) in chicken testis. Mol Genet Genomics. 2022;297(1):113–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00438-021-01840-8.Chen L., Qiao L., Guo Y. et al. Localization and regulatory function of Yin Yang 1 (YY1) in chicken testis. Mol Genet Genomics. 2022;297(1):113–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00438-021-01840-8.Deng Z., Wan M., Cao P. et al. Yin Yang 1 regulates the transcriptional activity of androgen receptor. Oncogene. 2009;28(42):3746–57. https://doi.org/10.1038/onc.2009.231.Deng Z., Wan M., Cao P. et al. Yin Yang 1 regulates the transcriptional activity of androgen receptor. Oncogene. 2009;28(42):3746–57. https://doi.org/10.1038/onc.2009.231.Liu Q., Liang Z., Li L. et al. YY1 in prostate cancer: multidimensional oncogenicmechanisms and emerging therapeutic vulnerabilities. J Mol Histol. 2026;57(1):31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10735-025-10683-1.Liu Q., Liang Z., Li L. et al. YY1 in prostate cancer: multidimensional oncogenicmechanisms and emerging therapeutic vulnerabilities. J Mol Histol. 2026;57(1):31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10735-025-10683-1.Huerta-Yepez S., Vega M., Garban H., Bonavida B. Involvement of the TNF-alpha autocrine-paracrine loop, via NF-kappaB and YY1, in the regulation of tumor cell resistance to Fas-induced apoptosis. Clin Immunol. 2006;120(3):297–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clim.2006.03.015.Huerta-Yepez S., Vega M., Garban H., Bonavida B. Involvement of the TNF-alpha autocrine-paracrine loop, via NF-kappaB and YY1, in the regulation of tumor cell resistance to Fas-induced apoptosis. Clin Immunol. 2006;120(3):297–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clim.2006.03.015.Kelleher Z.T., Matsumoto A., Stamler J.S., Marshall H.E. NOS2 regulation of NF-kappaB by S-nitrosylation of p65. J Biol Chem. 2007;282(42):30667–72. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M705929200.Kelleher Z.T., Matsumoto A., Stamler J.S., Marshall H.E. NOS2 regulation of NF-kappaB by S-nitrosylation of p65. J Biol Chem. 2007;282(42):30667–72. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M705929200.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.