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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">akusherstvo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Акушерство, Гинекология и Репродукция</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2313-7347</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3194</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IRBIS LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17749/2313-7347/ob.gyn.rep.2026.717</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">akusherstvo-2739</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Predictors of endometrial polyp recurrence and potential preventive methods</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Предикторы развития рецидива полипов эндометрия и возможные методы их профилактики</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7215-5066</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гильмутдинова</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gilmutdinova</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гильмутдинова Ильсина Ильсуровна </p><p>119048 Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilsina I. Gilmutdinova, MD.</p><p>8 bldg. 2, Trubetskaya Str., Moscow 119048</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ilsina2911@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7114-4050</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бахтияров</surname><given-names>К. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bakhtiyarov</surname><given-names>K. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бахтияров Камиль Рафаэльевич, д.м.н., проф. </p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57208396965. </p><p>119048 Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kamil R. Bakhtiyarov, MD, Dr Sci Med, Prof.</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57208396965. </p><p>8 bldg. 2, Trubetskaya Str., Moscow 119048</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7414-2471</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Капырина</surname><given-names>Т. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kapyrina</surname><given-names>T. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Капырина Татьяна Дмитриевна </p><p>119048 Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana D. Kapyrina, MD.</p><p>8 bldg. 2, Trubetskaya Str., Moscow 119048</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6216-6220</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Толибова</surname><given-names>Г. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tolibova</surname><given-names>G. Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Толибова Гулрухсор Хайбуллоевна, д.м.н. </p><p>199034 Санкт-Петербург, Менделеевская линия, д. 3; 191015 Санкт-Петербург, Кирочная ул., д. 41</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gulrukhsor Kh. Tolibova, MD, Dr Sci Med. </p><p>3 Mendeleevskaya Liniya, Saint Petersburg 199034;41, Kirochnaya Str., Saint Petersburg 191015</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9945-3848</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Игнатко</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ignatko</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Игнатко Ирина Владимировна, д.м.н., проф., член-корр. РАН </p><p>Scopus Author ID: 15118951800.</p><p>WoS ResearcherID: ABA-6794-2021.</p><p>119048 Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina V. Ignatko, MD, Dr Sci Med, Prof., Corresponding Member of RAS.</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 15118951800.</p><p>WoS ResearcherID: ABA-6794-2021.</p><p>8 bldg. 2, Trubetskaya Str., Moscow 119048</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации  (Сеченовский университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт акушерства, гинекологии и репродуктологии имени Д.О. Отта»; ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И.И. Мечникова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductology; Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>325</fpage><lpage>334</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Gilmutdinova I.I., Bakhtiyarov K.R., Kapyrina T.D., Tolibova G.K., Ignatko I.V., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гильмутдинова И.И., Бахтияров К.Р., Капырина Т.Д., Толибова Г.Х., Игнатко И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gilmutdinova I.I., Bakhtiyarov K.R., Kapyrina T.D., Tolibova G.K., Ignatko I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gynecology.su/jour/article/view/2739">https://www.gynecology.su/jour/article/view/2739</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Endometrial polyposis is a common gynecological disease, resulting in benign overgrowths of endometrial tissue and being associated with abnormal uterine bleeding, infertility, and recurrent implantation failure. The recurrence rate following polypectomy varies from 14.2 to 45.5 %, leading to repeated intrauterine interventions and posing a significant obstacle to pregnancy achievement. Further research is needed to identify predictors of endometrial polyp recurrence and potential preventive strategies.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim: to study and analyze scientific data on endometrial polyps related to underlying pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prevention methods.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. The literature search was conducted in the electronic databases eLibrary.ru, CyberLeninka, PubMed/ MEDLINE for the period 2015–2025 using keywords and phrases in Russian and English: «endometrial polyps», «pathogenesis», «endometrial polyps recurrence», «polypectomy», «chronic endometritis». Publications reporting original research findings were selected for analysis. The scientific data analysis included various inflammatory markers, their role in predicting endometrial polyp recurrence, and potential preventive measures.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The current scientific concept considers endometrial polyps and chronic endometritis (CE) as stages of a single pathological process resulting from chronic inflammation as evidenced by similarities in dysregulated pathogenetic pathways and the uterine microbiome therein. It has been found that the majority of infertile patients with endometrial polyps show CE signs (51–92.6 %). CE markedly increases a risk of endometrial polyp recurrence post-resection. In addition, a risk of endometrial polyp recurrence correlates with CE severity. However, in most cases, hysteroscopic polypectomy alone was sufficient to treat CE with endometrial polyps without antibiotic therapy. Moreover, inappropriate antibiotic therapy may not only be ineffective but also delay recovery from CE, reduce the efficacy of CE-related polypectomy and increase the frequency of endometrial polyp recurrence. This suggests a need to identify predictors of endometrial polyp recurrence to determine risk groups and optimize management strategies for such patients. Analyzing scientific publications revealed significant differences in the levels of CD138 (plasma cell marker), CD20 (B-cell lymphocyte marker), CD8 (cytotoxic T-cell lymphocyte marker), matrix metalloproteinases, cyclooxygenase 2, and proteins of the Hippo-YAP1 and Wnt signaling pathways in endometrial polyp tissue compared to normal endometrium. Additionally, a decreased and altered uterine microbiota diversity were observed, which may be promising to seek out for markers predicting endometrial polyp recurrence.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The high prevalence and recurrence of endometrial polyps related to chronic endometritis, along with shared pathogenetic mechanisms, suggests that factors associated with CE could may serve as potential predictors of endometrial polyp recurrence. Comprehensively investigated uterine microbiome and factors contributing to endometrial polyp development build up a relevant and promising strategy promoting uncovering related to development of this pathology, optimizing management for patients with endometrial polyp recurrence as well as proposing pathogenesis-driven preventive and therapeutic approaches.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Полипы эндометрия – распространенное гинекологическое заболевание, представляющее собой доброкачественные образования, развивающиеся из ткани эндометрия, и ассоциированное с аномальными маточными кровотечениями, бесплодием, неудачными попытками имплантации эмбриона. Частота возникновения рецидива после гистерорезектоскопической полипэктомии варьирует от 14,2 до 45,5 %, что ведет к повторным внутриматочным вмешательствам и представляет собой серьезное препятствие для наступления беременности. Требуются дальнейшие исследования, направленные на поиск предикторов развития рецидива полипов эндометрия и возможные методы их профилактики.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: провести поиск и анализ научных данных о полипах эндометрия, включая патогенез, диагностику и методы профилактики.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Поиск материала в электронных базах данных eLibrary.ru, КиберЛенинка, PubMed/MEDLINE за 2015–2025 гг. осуществлен по ключевым словам и словосочетаниям на русском и английском языках: «полипы эндометрия», «рецидив полипов эндометрия», «полипэктомия», «патогенез», «хронический эндометрит», «endometrial polyps», «pathogenesis», «endometrial polyps recurrence», «polypectomy», «chronic endometritis». Для анализа были отобраны публикации результатов оригинальных исследований. Анализ научных данных включил различные маркеры воспаления, их роль в прогнозировании развития рецидивов полипов эндометрия и возможные методы их профилактики.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Современная научная концепция рассматривает полипы эндометрия и хронический эндометрит (ХЭ) как стадии единого патологического процесса, в основе которого лежит хроническое воспаление, что подтверждается сходством нарушений патогенетических путей и микробиома полости матки при этих состояниях. Обнаружено, что у большинства бесплодных пациенток с полипами эндометрия имеются признаки ХЭ (51,0–92,6 %). ХЭ значительно увеличивает риск рецидива полипов эндометрия после резекции. Также имеется корреляция риска рецидива полипов эндометрия и степени выраженности ХЭ. Однако в большинстве случаев гистероскопической полипэктомии было достаточно для лечения ХЭ с полипами эндометрия без применения антибиотикотерапии; более того, неадекватная антибактериальная терапия может не только не иметь эффекта, но замедлить выздоровление после ХЭ, снизить эффективность полипэктомии в отношении ХЭ и частоты наступления рецидивов полипа эндометрия. Это наталкивает на мысль о необходимости определения предикторов развития рецидивов полипов эндометрия для выявления групп риска и оптимизации тактики ведения данных пациентов. Анализ научной литературы показал значимые различия уровней CD138 (маркер плазмоцитов), CD20 (маркер В-лимфоцитов), CD8 (маркер цитотоксических Т-лимфоцитов), матриксных металлопротеиназ, циклооксигеназы-2, белков сигнальных путей Hippo-YAP1 и Wnt в ткани полипов эндометрия по сравнению с нормальным эндометрием, а также снижение и изменение разнообразия микробиоты матки, что может быть перспективным в поиске маркера прогнозирования рецидива полипов эндометрия.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Высокая частота встречаемости полипов эндометрия и его рецидивов на фоне ХЭ, сходство и общие пути патогенетических механизмов позволяют рассматривать факторы, ассоциированные с ХЭ, в качестве возможных предикторов возникновения рецидивов полипов эндометрия. Комплексное исследование микробиома матки и факторов развития полипов эндометрия представляется актуальным и перспективным направлением, способствующим выявлению предикторов развития данной патологии, оптимизации тактики ведения пациенток с рецидивирующими полипами эндометрия, разработке патогенетических методов профилактики и лечения.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>полип эндометрия</kwd><kwd>рецидивирующие полипы эндометрия</kwd><kwd>хронический эндометрит</kwd><kwd>ХЭ</kwd><kwd>патология эндометрия</kwd><kwd>гистерорезектоскопическая полипэктомия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>endometrial polyp</kwd><kwd>recurrent endometrial polyps</kwd><kwd>chronic endometritis</kwd><kwd>СЕ</kwd><kwd>endometrial pathology</kwd><kwd>hysteroscopic polypectomy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nijkang N.P., Anderson L., Markham R., Manconi F. 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