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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">akusherstvo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Акушерство, Гинекология и Репродукция</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2313-7347</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3194</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IRBIS LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17749/2313-7347/ob.gyn.rep.2025.701</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">akusherstvo-2618</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ОRIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>From data to prediction: development and clinical validation of a preterm birth risk assessment tool based on machine learning technologies</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>От данных к прогнозу: разработка и клиническая апробация инструмента оценки риска преждевременных родов на основе технологий машинного обучения</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1450-650X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Болдина</surname><given-names>Ю. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Boldina</surname><given-names>Yu. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Болдина Юлия Сергеевна</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57356202000</p><p>WoS ResearcherID: PII-8685-2026</p><p>eLibrary SPIN-code: 2944-0409</p><p>185910 Петрозаводск, проспект Ленина, д. 33</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuliya S. Boldina - МD.</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57356202000</p><p>WoS ResearcherID: PII-8685-2026</p><p>eLibrary SPIN-code: 2944-0409</p><p>33 Lenin Avenue, Petrozavodsk 185910</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7834-096X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ившин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivshin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ившин Александр Анатольевич - к.м.н.</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57222275843</p><p>WoS ResearcherID: AAG-1507-2020</p><p>eLibrary SPIN-code: 8196-6605</p><p>185910 Петрозаводск, проспект Ленина, д. 33</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr A. Ivshin, МD, PhD.</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57222275843</p><p>WoS ResearcherID: AAG-1507-2020</p><p>eLibrary SPIN-code: 8196-6605</p><p>33 Lenin Avenue, Petrozavodsk 185910</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">scipeople@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5552-638X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Светова</surname><given-names>К. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Svetova</surname><given-names>K. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Светова Кристина Сергеевна</p><p>185910 Петрозаводск, проспект Ленина, д. 33</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kristina S. Svetova</p><p>33 Lenin Avenue, Petrozavodsk 185910</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Петрозаводский государственный университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Petrozavodsk State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>15</fpage><lpage>33</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Boldina Y.S., Ivshin A.A., Svetova K.S., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Болдина Ю.С., Ившин А.А., Светова К.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Boldina Y.S., Ivshin A.A., Svetova K.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gynecology.su/jour/article/view/2618">https://www.gynecology.su/jour/article/view/2618</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Preterm birth (PTB) remains one of the most serious complications of pregnancy, being the leading cause of neonatal mortality and contributing to long-term disability along with chronic morbidity in newborns, as well as imposing substantial socioeconomic costs. Despite preventive efforts, the global PTB rate has remained largely unchanged comprising 5–18 %, underscoring a need for developing more effective prediction tools to enable timely prevention.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim: using an independent sample to develop and validate a PTB risk-assessment tool based on machine learning (ML) and routinely collected clinical data retrieved from electronic health records (EHRs) of pregnant patients.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. We analyzed a dataset of 10,000 de-identified EHRs entries containing 54 variables, including historical, clinical, laboratory, and instrumental (diagnostic/imaging) data. The predictive system comprised two interconnected ML components: (1) an NLP model based on RuBERT (а pre-trained ML model for processing Russian texts) for extracting PTB-relevant features from unstructured Russian-language clinical text, and (2) a downstream predictive ML model, for which 14 algorithms were benchmarked.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The NLP model demonstrated high performance with a median sensitivity = 0.998, F1-score = 0.976, and AUC-ROC = 0.974. Among the ML algorithms, the algorithm based on gradient boosting – CatBoost Classifier (Categorical Boosting Classifier) achieved the best risk-prediction results: accuracy = 0.81, sensitivity (recall) = 0.87, precision = 0.76, F1-score = 0.81, and AUC-ROC = 0.82.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The developed model showed performance comparable to that of international counterparts, and validation confirmed its robustness to previously unseen data, indicating strong potential for use in routine clinical practice. This study represents the first step toward an integrated PTB risk-assessment solution combining NLP and ML. Future work will include incorporation of additional predictors (e.g., biochemical markers) and multicenter validation studies.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Преждевременные роды (ПР) остаются одним из наиболее серьезных осложнений беременности, выступают основной причиной неонатальной смертности и влекут за собой такие тяжелые последствия, как инвалидизация и развитие хронических заболеваний у новорожденных, а также приводят к значительным социально-экономическим издержкам. Глобальная частота ПР остается практически неизменной и составляет 5–18 %, несмотря на применяемые профилактические меры, что подчеркивает необходимость создания более эффективных инструментов прогнозирования для своевременной профилактики.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: разработка и валидация на независимой выборке инструмента оценки риска ПР, основанного на технологиях машинного обучения (англ. Machine Learning, ML) и реальных клинических данных, полученных из электронных медицинских карт (ЭМК) беременных.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В работе использовался массив из 10000 анонимизированных записей ЭМК, содержащих 54 признака, включая анамнестические, клинические, лабораторные и инструментальные данные. Прогностическая система состояла из двух взаимосвязанных моделей ML: NLP-модели (обработка естественного языка; англ. Natural Language Processing, NLP) с использованием модели RuBERT (англ. Russian Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers; предварительно обученная языковая модель для обработки русскоязычных текстов) для извлечения признаков ПР из неструктурированных русскоязычных текстов и предиктивной модели ML, для создания которой было протестировано 14 различных алгоритмов.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. NLP-модель показала высокое качество обработки данных с медианной чувствительностью = 0,998, F-мерой (гармоническое среднее между точностью и полнотой) = 0,976 и AUC-ROC = 0,974. Среди алгоритмов ML наилучшие результаты оценки риска продемонстрировал алгоритм на основе градиентного бустинга – CatBoost Classifier (англ. Categorical Boosting Classifier) с точностью (accuracy) = 0,81, чувствительностью = 0,87, точностью (precision) = 0,76, F-мерой = 0,81 и AUC-ROC = 0,82.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Разработанная модель показала производительность, сопоставимую с зарубежными аналогами, а валидация подтвердила ее устойчивость к новым данным, что свидетельствует о перспективности системы для использования в реальной клинической практике. Данное исследование представляет собой первый этап создания комплексного решения для оценки риска ПР, объединяющего NLP и ML. Дальнейшее совершенствование разработанного алгоритма оценки может включать использование дополнительных признаков (например, биохимических маркеров) и проведение многоцентровых валидационных исследований.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>преждевременные роды</kwd><kwd>ПР</kwd><kwd>оценка риска</kwd><kwd>машинное обучение</kwd><kwd>ML</kwd><kwd>обработка естественного языка</kwd><kwd>NLP</kwd><kwd>электронные медицинские карты</kwd><kwd>ЭМК</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>preterm birth</kwd><kwd>PТB</kwd><kwd>risk assessment</kwd><kwd>prediction</kwd><kwd>machine learning</kwd><kwd>ML</kwd><kwd>natural language processing</kwd><kwd>NLP</kwd><kwd>electronic health records</kwd><kwd>EHR</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда  № 24-25-00429, https://rscf.ru/project/24-25-00429/</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This research was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation, Grant No. 24-25-00429, https://rscf.ru/project/24-25-00429/</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ившин А.А., Погодин О.О., Шакурова Е.Ю. и др. 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