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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">akusherstvo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Акушерство, Гинекология и Репродукция</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2313-7347</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3194</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IRBIS LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17749/2313-7347/ob.gyn.rep.2025.684</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">akusherstvo-2597</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ОRIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Assessing blood vascular endothelial growth factor level in patients with vulvovaginal atrophy</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Оценка уровня фактора роста эндотелия сосудов в крови пациенток с вульвовагинальной атрофией</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1775-9923</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гридасова</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gridasova</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гридасова Ольга Сергеевна</p><p>115191 Москва, ул. 3-я Рощинская, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga S. Gridasova - MD.</p><p>6 3-ya Rozhinskaya Str., Moscow 115191</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0725-9686</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хизроева</surname><given-names>Д. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khizroeva</surname><given-names>J. Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хизроева Джамиля Хизриевна - д.м.н., проф. Scopus Author ID: 57194547147. WoS ResearcherID: F-8384-2017.</p><p>119048 Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Jamilya Kh. Khizroeva - Dr Sci Med, Prof. Scopus Author ID: 57194547147. WoS ResearcherID: F-8384-2017.</p><p>8 bldg. 2, Trubetskaya Str., Moscow 119048</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">jamatotu@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7456-2386</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Солопова</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Solopova</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Солопова Антонина Григорьевна - д.м.н., проф. Scopus Author ID: 6505479504. WoS ResearcherID: Q-1385-2015.</p><p>119048 Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Antonina G. Solopova - MD, Dr Sci Med, Prof. Scopus Author ID: 6505479504. WoS ResearcherID: Q-1385-2015.</p><p>8 bldg. 2, Trubetskaya Str., Moscow 119048</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1115-3144</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иванов Александр Евгеньевич - к.м.н.</p><p>117152 Москва, Загородное шоссе, 18А, стр. 7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander E. Ivanov - MD, PhD.</p><p>18A bldg. 7, Zagorodnoe Shosse, Moscow 117152</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3367-9844</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Блинов</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Blinov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Блинов Дмитрий Владиславович - д.м.н. Scopus Author ID: 6701744871. WoS ResearcherID: E-8906-2017.</p><p>101000 Москва, Лялин переулок, д. 11–13/1123056 Москва, 2-я Брестская ул., д. 5, с. 1–1а141551 Московская область, деревня Голубое, ул. Родниковая, стр. 6, к. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry V. Blinov - MD, Dr Sci Med, MBA. Scopus Author ID: 6701744871. WoS ResearcherID: E-8906-2017.</p><p>11–13/1 Lyalin Pereulok, Moscow 101000; 5 bldg. 1–1a, 2-ya Brestskaya Str., Moscow 123056; 6 bldg. 1, Rodnikovaya Str., Village Goluboe, Moscow region 141551</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6831-8945</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Татаринцева</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tatarintseva</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татаринцева Алена Юрьевна</p><p>119048 Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alena Yu. Tatarintseva</p><p>8 bldg. 2, Trubetskaya Str., Moscow 119048</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Клиника «Real Trans Hair»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Clinic "Real Trans Hair"</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница имени С.С. Юдина Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yudin City Clinical Hospital, Moscow Healthcare Department</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт Превентивной и Социальной Медицины; АНО ДПО «Московский медико-социальный институт имени Ф.П. Гааза»; ФГБУ «Федеральный научно-клинический центр медицинской реабилитации и курортологии Федерального медико-биологического агентства»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute for Preventive and Social Medicine; Moscow Haass Medical – Social Institute; Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Medical Rehabilitation and Balneology, Federal Medical-Biological Agency</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>727</fpage><lpage>736</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Gridasova O.S., Khizroeva J.K., Solopova A.G., Ivanov A.E., Blinov D.V., Tatarintseva A.Y., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гридасова О.С., Хизроева Д.Х., Солопова А.Г., Иванов А.Е., Блинов Д.В., Татаринцева А.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gridasova O.S., Khizroeva J.K., Solopova A.G., Ivanov A.E., Blinov D.V., Tatarintseva A.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gynecology.su/jour/article/view/2597">https://www.gynecology.su/jour/article/view/2597</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Angiogenesis is essential for growth and development of blood vessels in normal tissues, during wound healing, and a crucial factor in tumor progression. One of the main stimulators of angiogenesis is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that promotes active endothelial cell proliferation and migration. In malignant tumors, VEGF supports the development of tumor vessels, which may correlate with cancer prognosis and diagnosis.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim: to assess blood VEGF level in patients with vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) and hormone-dependent malignant tumors of the female reproductive system (breast, cervical, ovarian, and endometrial cancers), in women with VVA and hormone-dependent benign tumors of the female reproductive system and healthy women.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional study assessed 68 diagnosed cases of VVA and cancer of the female reproductive organs (group 1) – with breast cancer (BC), cervical cancer (CC), endometrial cancer (EC), ovarian cancer (OC); 53 women with VVA and benign diseases of the female genital organs (group 2) and 80 healthy perimenopausal women without gynecological pathology (control group). Adenocarcinoma, stage 1A was verified as a histopathological type of malignant neoplasms. Plasma VEGF concentrations were quantitated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Blood samples were obtained by puncturing a peripheral vein before surgery. Statistical data processing was performed using the StatTech v. 4.8.5 program (StatTech LLC, Russia).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The median plasma VEGF level in 80 healthy women (control group) comprised 190 (range 40.00–661.50) pg/ml, in group 1 – 452.0 (range 69.98–2808.44) pg/ml and in group 2 – 323.0 (range 95.7–1100.0) pg/ml. The median VEGF level and interquartile range in 30 patients with BBA and ВС, 10 patients with BBA and CC, 10 patients with BBA and EС, and 9 patients with BBA and ОС was 632.0 [360.0–1110.5] pg/ml, 228.0 [209.5–238.5] pg/ml, 448.0 [422.0–499.5] pg/ml and 503.0 [211.0–1337.0] pg/ml, respectively. VEGF concentrations in patients with VVA and BC, OC and EC were significantly higher than in healthy women (Mann-Whitney U-test, p = 0.001, p = 0.021 and p &lt; 0.0001, respectively). However, in patients with BBA and CC, VEGF levels did not significantly differ from those in healthy women. The median plasma VEGF level in patients with BBA and benign diseases of the female genital organs vs. control group was significantly elevated reaching 323.0 (range 95.7–1100.0) pg/ml, which demonstrates statistically significant differences compared with the control group (p = 0.007).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Significant differences were found between VEGF level in women with BBA and malignant neoplasms of the reproductive system and in women with BBA and benign neoplasms of the female genital organs compared with control group (healthy women). The obtained results indicate a crucial role for VEGF in angiogenesis processes associated with malignant diseases. Increased VEGF expression in women with VVA compared to healthy women may be related to impaired vascularization and tissue regeneration in the vagina and vulva further exacerbated by malignant processes.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Ангиогенез является важным процессом роста и развития сосудов в норме, при заживлении ран и решающим фактором прогрессирования опухолей. Одним из главных стимуляторов ангиогенеза является фактор роста эндотелия сосудов (англ. vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF), в присутствии которого эндотелиальные клетки начинают активно пролиферировать и мигрировать; в злокачественных опухолях VEGF поддерживает развитие опухолевых сосудов, что, возможно, имеет корреляцию с прогнозом и диагностикой рака.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: оценить концентрацию VEGF в крови у пациенток с вульвовагинальной атрофией (ВВА) и гормон-зависимыми злокачественными опухолями репродуктивной системы женщин (молочных желез, цервикального канала, яичников и эндометрия), гормон-зависимыми доброкачественными опухолями женской репродуктивной системы и у здоровых женщин.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведено поперечное исследование, которое включало 68 диагностированных случаев ВВА и рака женских репродуктивных органов (группа 1) – рак молочной железы (РМЖ), рак цервикального канала (РЦК), рак эндометрия (РЭ), рак яичников (РЯ); 53 женщины с ВВА и доброкачественными заболеваниями женских половых органов (группа 2) и 80 здоровых женщин перименопаузального периода без гинекологической патологии (контрольная группа). Гистопатологическим типом злокачественных новообразований (ЗНО) являлась аденокарцинома, стадия 1А. Оценка концентраций VEGF в плазме крови проводилась с помощью иммуноферментного анализа. Образцы крови получали путем пункции периферической вены перед хирургическим вмешательством. Статистическая обработка полученных данных проводилась с использованием программы StatTech v. 4.8.5 (ООО «СтатТех», Россия).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Медианный уровень VEGF в плазме 80 здоровых женщин (контрольная группа) составил 190 (диапазон 40,00–661,50) пг/мл, в группе 1 – 452,0 (диапазон 69,98–2808,44) пг/мл и в группе 2 – 323,0 (диапазон 95,7–1100,0) пг/мл. Медианный уровень и межквартильный размах VEGF у 30 больных c ВВА и РМЖ, 10 больных с ВВА и РЦК, 10 больных с ВВА и РЭ и 9 больных с ВВА и РЯ составили 632,0 [360,0–1110,5] пг/мл, 228,0 [209,5–238,5] пг/мл, 448,0 [422,0–499,5] пг/мл и 503,0 [211,0–1337,0] пг/мл, соответственно. Концентрации VEGF у больных с ВВА и РМЖ, РЯ и РЭ были значимо выше, чем у здоровых женщин (U-критерий Манна-Уитни, р = 0,001, р = 0,021 и р &lt; 0,0001, соответственно). Но у больных с ВВА и РЦК уровень VEGF не имел статистически значимых различий по сравнению со здоровыми женщинами. Медианный уровень VEGF в плазме у пациенток с ВВА и доброкачественными заболеваниями женских половых органов составил 323,0 (диапазон 95,7–1100,0) пг/мл, что демонстрирует статистически значимые различия по сравнению с контрольной группой (р = 0,007).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Выявлены существенные различия между концентрацией VEGF у женщин с ВВА и злокачественными опухолями репродуктивной системы и у женщин с ВВА и доброкачественными новообразованиями женских половых органов по сравнению с контрольной группой здоровых женщин. Полученные результаты указывают на важную роль VEGF в процессах ангиогенеза, ассоциированным со злокачественными заболеваниями. Повышенная экспрессия VEGF у женщин с ВВА по сравнению с группой здоровых женщин может быть связана с нарушениями васкуляризации и регенерации тканей влагалища и вульвы, которые дополнительно усиливаются при злокачественных процессах.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вульвовагинальная атрофия</kwd><kwd>фактор роста эндотелия сосудов</kwd><kwd>ангиогенез</kwd><kwd>рак молочной железы</kwd><kwd>РМЖ</kwd><kwd>рак цервикального канала</kwd><kwd>РЦК</kwd><kwd>рак эндометрия</kwd><kwd>РЭ</kwd><kwd>рак яичников</kwd><kwd>РЯ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>vulvovaginal atrophy</kwd><kwd>vascular endothelial growth factor</kwd><kwd>angiogenesis</kwd><kwd>breast cancer</kwd><kwd>BC</kwd><kwd>cervical cancer</kwd><kwd>CC</kwd><kwd>endometrial cancer</kwd><kwd>EC</kwd><kwd>ovarian cancer</kwd><kwd>OC</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы заявляют об отсутствии финансовой поддержки</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The authors declare no funding</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van Hinsbergh V.W., Koolwijk P. 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