akusherstvoObstetrics, Gynecology and ReproductionАкушерство, Гинекология и Репродукция2313-73472500-3194IRBIS LLC10.17749/2313-7347/ob.gyn.rep.2025.683akusherstvo-2576Research ArticleREVIEW ARTICLEНАУЧНЫЙ ОБЗОРElective fertility preservation in women: oocyte and ovarian tissue cyopreservation – effectiveness, safety, and legal aspectsПлановое сохранение фертильности у женщин: криоконсервация ооцитов и ткани яичника – эффективность, безопасность и правовые аспектыhttps://orcid.org/0009-0000-5190-1114ГиголаеваЛ. А.GigolaevaL. A.

Гиголаева Лиана Автандиловна

117513 Москва ул. Островитянова, д. 1

Liana A. Gigolaeva

1 Ostrovityanova Str., Moscow 117513

gigolianal@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0000-3347-5131ДубенкинаЕ. А.DubenkinaE. A.

Дубенкина Екатерина Андреевна

117513 Москва ул. Островитянова, д. 1

Ekaterina A. Dubenkina

1 Ostrovityanova Str., Moscow 117513

https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5983-8803СемкинаЕ. В.SemkinaE. V.

Семкина Екатерина Владимировна

117513 Москва ул. Островитянова, д. 1

Ekaterina V. Semkina

1 Ostrovityanova Str., Moscow 117513

https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4517-719XУшковаК. Д.UshkovaK. D.

Ушкова Кристина Дмитриевна

117513 Москва ул. Островитянова, д. 1

Kristina D. Ushkova

1 Ostrovityanova Str., Moscow 117513

https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9338-301XМазкаС. В.MazkaS. V.

Мазка София Владимировна

117513 Москва ул. Островитянова, д. 1

Sofia V. Mazka

1 Ostrovityanova Str., Moscow 117513

https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6768-498XЖадановаП. Ю.ZhadanovaP. Yu.

Жаданова Полина Юрьевна

117513 Москва ул. Островитянова, д. 1

Polina Yu. Zhadanova

1 Ostrovityanova Str., Moscow 117513

https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0358-8032ИмамоваЗ. А.ImamovaZ. A.

Имамова Зиля Альхатовна

117513 Москва ул. Островитянова, д. 1

Zilya A. Imamova

1 Ostrovityanova Str., Moscow 117513

https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1169-7046БарменковаП. М.BarmenkovaP. M.

Барменкова Полина Михайловна

117513 Москва ул. Островитянова, д. 1

Polina M. Barmenkova

1 Ostrovityanova Str., Moscow 117513

https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4532-9099ЖильцоваН. Д.ZhiltsovaN. D.

Жильцова Наталья Дмитриевна

117513 Москва ул. Островитянова, д. 1

Natalia D. Zhiltsova

1 Ostrovityanova Str., Moscow 117513

https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7763-9083АмаеваД. Ш.AmayevaD. Sh.

Амаева Диана Шарифовна

117513 Москва ул. Островитянова, д. 1

Diana Sh. Amayeva

1 Ostrovityanova Str., Moscow 117513

https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5412-6043НикишинаЮ. А.NikishinaYu. A.

Никишина Юлия Александровна

117513 Москва ул. Островитянова, д. 1

Yulia A. Nikishina

1 Ostrovityanova Str., Moscow 117513

https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8023-2453УшаковаО. С.UshakovaO. S.

Ушакова Ольга Сергеевна

117513 Москва ул. Островитянова, д. 1

Olga S. Ushakova

1 Ostrovityanova Str., Moscow 117513

https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5607-2035ТолмачеваЕ. Д.TolmachevaE. D.

Толмачева Екатерина Дмитриевна

140405 Коломна, ул. Астахова, д. 9 

Ekaterina D. Tolmacheva, MD.

9 Astakhov Str., Kolomna 140405

ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации»РоссияPirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationRussian FederationПоликлиника № 2 ГБУЗ Московской области «Коломенская центральная районная больница»РоссияPolyclinic No. 2, Kolomna Central District Hospital of the Moscow RegionRussian Federation20202110202500Online First2576Copyright © Gigolaeva L.A., Dubenkina E.A., Semkina E.V., Ushkova K.D., Mazka S.V., Zhadanova P.Y., Imamova Z.A., Barmenkova P.M., Zhiltsova N.D., Amayeva D.S., Nikishina Y.A., Ushakova O.S., Tolmacheva E.D., 20202020Гиголаева Л.А., Дубенкина Е.А., Семкина Е.В., Ушкова К.Д., Мазка С.В., Жаданова П.Ю., Имамова З.А., Барменкова П.М., Жильцова Н.Д., Амаева Д.Ш., Никишина Ю.А., Ушакова О.С., Толмачева Е.Д.Gigolaeva L.A., Dubenkina E.A., Semkina E.V., Ushkova K.D., Mazka S.V., Zhadanova P.Y., Imamova Z.A., Barmenkova P.M., Zhiltsova N.D., Amayeva D.S., Nikishina Y.A., Ushakova O.S., Tolmacheva E.D.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.gynecology.su/jour/article/view/2576

Elective fertility preservation (EFP) has emerged as a crucial strategy for women seeking to maintain reproductive potential in the context of delayed childbearing. Among the available techniques, elective oocyte cryopreservation (ЕOC) is the most established and widely practiced approach, while ovarian tissue cryopreservation has been gaining attention as an alternative with unique advantages, including the restoration of natural fertility and endocrine function. Advances in vitrification have significantly improved survival and fertilization rates of cryopreserved oocytes, yet key questions remain regarding the optimal number of oocytes required, the ideal age for cryopreservation, and the cost-effectiveness of these procedures across different patient groups. It has been consistently evident that younger age at cryopreservation is associated with higher live birth rates and reduced need for multiple stimulation cycles. It was also verified that long-term storage does not negatively impact oocyte viability or offspring health. Importantly, available data suggest no increased obstetric or perinatal risks for children born from cryopreserved oocytes, although long-term and intergenerational outcomes require further investigation. Ethical and legal debates continue to shape practice worldwide. While ЕОС is broadly permitted, regulatory frameworks vary significantly across countries. In the Russian Federation, fertility preservation is legally permitted and widely applied, though formal age limits are not defined. Overall, EFP offers women greater reproductive autonomy, yet requires careful counseling regarding realistic success rates, maternal age–related risks, ethical considerations, and financial barriers. Future directions should focus on standardized clinical guidelines, expanded patient education, and supportive health policies to ensure equitable access and safe implementation of fertility preservation technologies.

Плановое сохранение фертильности (ПСФ) становится все более востребованной стратегией для женщин, откладывающих материнство. Среди доступных технологий наибольшее распространение получила плановая криоконсервация ооцитов (ПКО), тогда как криоконсервация ткани яичников рассматривается как перспективная альтернатива с уникальными преимуществами – возможностью восстановления естественной фертильности и эндокринной функции. Совершенствование методов витрификации значительно повысило показатели выживаемости и оплодотворяемости ооцитов, однако остаются нерешенными вопросы оптимального числа клеток для замораживания, целесообразного возраста проведения процедуры и экономической эффективности в разных группах пациенток. Наиболее убедительные данные свидетельствуют о том, что проведение ПКО в более молодом возрасте связано с более высокими показателями живорождения и меньшей необходимостью в повторных циклах стимуляции. Доказано, что длительное хранение не снижает жизнеспособность ооцитов и не оказывает негативного влияния на здоровье детей. Современные исследования не выявляют повышения акушерских и перинатальных рисков у потомства, рожденного из замороженных ооцитов, однако требуется дальнейшее изучение долгосрочных и межпоколенческих последствий. Этические и правовые аспекты продолжают активно обсуждаться. Несмотря на широкое признание ПКО, нормативно-правовые подходы существенно различаются в разных странах. В Российской Федерации ПСФ разрешено и применяется на практике, хотя формальные возрастные ограничения не определены. Таким образом, ПСФ расширяет репродуктивную автономию женщин, но требует тщательного консультирования с учетом реальных шансов на успех, возраста, сопутствующих рисков и финансовых ограничений. Перспективы развития связаны со стандартизацией клинических протоколов, повышением информированности и формированием поддерживающей государственной политики.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.