akusherstvoObstetrics, Gynecology and ReproductionАкушерство, Гинекология и Репродукция2313-73472500-3194IRBIS LLC10.17749/2313-7347/ob.gyn.rep.2025.641akusherstvo-2514Research ArticleREVIEW ARTICLESНАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫExtracellular vesicles in diagnostics and prognosis of malignant neoplasms of the female reproductive system: current data and future perspectivesВнеклеточные везикулы в диагностике и прогнозировании злокачественных новообразований женской репродуктивной системы: современные данные и перспективыhttps://orcid.org/0009-0006-7519-2969ЩербачеваА. О.SherbachevaA. O.

Щербачева Алина Олеговна

305041 Курск, ул. Карла Маркса, д. 3

Alina O. Sherbacheva

3 Karl Marx Str., Kursk 305041

shherbacheva022@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0007-8534-3350СибирцевД. М.SibirtsevD. M.

Сибирцев Дмитрий Максимович

400066, Волгоград, площадь Павших Борцов, д. 1

Dmitriy M. Sibirtsev

1 Pavshikh Bortsov Square, Volgograd 400066

https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8961-9721СавинН. Н.SavinN. N.

Савин Никита Николаевич

117513, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1

Nikita N. Savin

1 Ostrovityanova Str., Moscow 117513

https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1785-4123РумянцеваЯ. В.RumyantsevaYa. V.

Румянцева Яна Вячеславовна

344022 Ростов-на-Дону, Нахичеванский переулок, д. 29

Yana V. Rumyantseva

29 Nakhichevansky Lane, Rostov-on-Don 344022

https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7455-0755БражкинаА. Е.BrazhkinaA. E.

Бражкина Анастасия Евгеньевна

344022 Ростов-на-Дону, Нахичеванский переулок, д. 29

Anastasia E. Brazhkina

29 Nakhichevansky Lane, Rostov-on-Don 344022

https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0172-9869КачаловаВ. М.KachalovaV. M.

Качалова Виктория Максимовна

394036 Воронеж, Студенческая ул., д. 10

Victoria M. Kachalova

10 Studencheskaya Str., Voronezh 394036

https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4296-548XМамайА. В.MamayA. V.

Мамай Алина Владимировна

295007 Симферополь, проспект Академика Вернадского, д. 4

Alina V. Mamay

295007 Simferopol, Academician Vernadsky Avenue, 4

https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7468-6135ТиптеваД. Д.TiptevaD. D.

Типтева Дарья Денисовна

450008 Уфа, ул. Ленина, д. 3

Darya D. Tipteva

3 Lenin Str., Ufa 450008

https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3028-0546ХитринаЮ. В.KhitrinaYu. V.

Хитрина Юлия Викторовна

450008 Уфа, ул. Ленина, д. 3

Yulia V. Khitrina

3 Lenin Str., Ufa 450008

https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0915-0064ЖуковН. Г.ZhukovN. G.

Жуков Никита Геннадиевич

362019 Республика Северная Осетия–Алания, Владикавказ, Пушкинская ул., д. 40

Nikita G. Zhukov

40 Pushkinskaya Str., Vladikavkaz, Republic of North Ossetia–Alania 362019

https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2404-4697ИзотовР. А.IzotovR. A.

Изотов Родион Андреевич

191015 Санкт-Петербург, Кирочная ул., д. 41

Rodion A. Izotov

41 Kirochnaya Str., Saint Petersburg 191015

https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5063-4004ЮлдашеваЭ. Р.YuldashevaE. R.

Юлдашева Эльвина Рафитовна

450008 Уфа, ул. Ленина, д. 3

Elvina R. Yuldasheva

3 Lenin Str., Ufa 450008

https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4152-1340АнохинаЯ. А.AnokhinaYa. A.

Анохина Яна Андреевна

344022 Ростов-на-Дону, Нахичеванский переулок, д. 29

Yana A. Anokhina

29 Nakhichevansky Lane, Rostov-on-Don 344022

ФГБОУ ВО «Курский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияKursk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Волгоградский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияVolgograd State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationRussian FederationФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияPirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Ростовский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияRostov State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Воронежский государственный медицинский университет имени Н.Н. Бурденко» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияBurdenko Voronezh State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationRussian FederationФГАОУ ВО «Крымский федеральный университет имени В.И. Вернадского»РоссияVernadsky Crimean Federal UniversityRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияBashkir State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Осетинская государственная медицинская академия» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияNorth Ossetian State Medical Academy, Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И.И. Мечникова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияMechnikov North-Western State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationRussian Federation202519012026196942965Copyright © Sherbacheva A.O., Sibirtsev D.M., Savin N.N., Rumyantseva Y.V., Brazhkina A.E., Kachalova V.M., Mamay A.V., Tipteva D.D., Khitrina Y.V., Zhukov N.G., Izotov R.A., Yuldasheva E.R., Anokhina Y.A., 20262026Щербачева А.О., Сибирцев Д.М., Савин Н.Н., Румянцева Я.В., Бражкина А.Е., Качалова В.М., Мамай А.В., Типтева Д.Д., Хитрина Ю.В., Жуков Н.Г., Изотов Р.А., Юлдашева Э.Р., Анохина Я.А.Sherbacheva A.O., Sibirtsev D.M., Savin N.N., Rumyantseva Y.V., Brazhkina A.E., Kachalova V.M., Mamay A.V., Tipteva D.D., Khitrina Y.V., Zhukov N.G., Izotov R.A., Yuldasheva E.R., Anokhina Y.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.gynecology.su/jour/article/view/2514

Malignant neoplasms of the female reproductive system remain a significant global health concern, ranking among the leading causes of cancer incidence and mortality in women. Despite advances in the field of gynecologic oncology, early diagnosis and prognosis of such diseases continue to pose substantial challenges. In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, have been increasingly attracted attention as key mediators of intercellular communication and carriers of biologically active molecules. EVs transport microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, proteins, and other molecules that influence critical carcinogenic processes such as proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and the development of chemoresistance. This review summarizes current data on the EVs role in the pathogenesis and progression of cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancers. The diagnostic and prognostic potential of EV-associated biomolecular components is examined, with evidence from preclinical and clinical studies highlighting their promise as biomarkers. The review also discusses the prospects for clinical application of EVs, emphasizing the challenges of methodological standardization and the need for multicenter studies to validate their clinical utility. Additionally, the importance of integrating omics technologies and bioinformatics approaches is underscored as essential for improving patient stratification and advancing personalized therapy.

Злокачественные новообразования женской репродуктивной системы остаются серьезной проблемой глобального здравоохранения, занимая одно из ведущих мест в структуре онкологической заболеваемости и смертности среди женщин. Несмотря на достижения в области онкогинекологии, ранняя диагностика и прогнозирование исходов заболевания по-прежнему представляют значительные трудности. В последние годы внеклеточные везикулы (ВВ), включая экзосомы, микровезикулы и апоптотические тельца, привлекли внимание исследователей как важные посредники межклеточной коммуникации и носители биологически активных молекул. ВВ транспортируют микроРНК, длинные некодирующие РНК, белки и другие молекулы, влияющие на ключевые процессы канцерогенеза, такие как пролиферация, ангиогенез, метастазирование и развитие химиорезистентности. В обзоре представлены актуальные данные о роли ВВ в патогенезе и прогрессировании рака шейки матки, эндометрия и яичников. Рассмотрены диагностические и прогностические возможности биомолекулярных компонентов ВВ, продемонстрированы результаты доклинических и клинических исследований, подчеркивающие потенциал этих биомаркеров. Обсуждаются перспективы применения ВВ в клинической практике, включая вызовы стандартизации методик и необходимость мультицентровых исследований для подтверждения их клинической ценности. Также отмечена важность интеграции омических технологий и биоинформатических подходов для более точной стратификации пациенток и персонализации терапии.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.