akusherstvoObstetrics, Gynecology and ReproductionАкушерство, Гинекология и Репродукция2313-73472500-3194IRBIS LLC10.17749/2313-7347/ob.gyn.rep.2023.472akusherstvo-1873Research ArticleREVIEW ARTICLESНАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫNutritional support during pregnancyНутритивная поддержка беременностиhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0895-2626МозесК. Б.MozesK. B.

Мозес Кира Борисовна – врач-гастроэнтеролог.

650066 Кемерово, Октябрьский проспект, д. 22

Kira B. Mozes – MD, Gastroenterologist.

22 Oktyabrsky Prospekt, Kemerovo 650066

ЕлгинаС. И.ElginaS. I.

Елгина Светлана Ивановна – д.м.н., доцент, профессор кафедры акушерства и гинекологии имени профессора Г.А. Ушаковой.

650056 Кемерово, ул. Ворошилова, д. 22а

Svetlana I. Elgina – MD, Dr Sci Med, Associate Professor, Professor, Ushakova Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology.

22а Voroshilov Str., Kemerovo 650056

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3269-9018МозесВ. Г.MozesV. G.

Мозес Вадим Гельевич – д.м.н., профессор, директор медицинского института.

650000 Кемерово, Красная ул., д. 6

Vadim G. Mozes – MD, Dr Sci Med, Professor, Director of the Medical Institute.

6 Krasnaya Str., Kemerovo 650000

vadimmoses@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6599-9906РудаеваЕ. В.RudaevaE. V.

Рудаева Елена Владимировна – к.м.н., доцент кафедры акушерства и гинекологии имени профессора Г.А. Ушаковой.

650056 Кемерово, ул. Ворошилова, д. 22а

Elena V. Rudaeva – MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Ushakova Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology.

22а Voroshilov Str., Kemerovo 650056

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2075-5529ШибельгутН. М.ShibelgutN. M.

Шибельгут Нонна Марковна – к.м.н., зам. главного врача по акушерской и гинекологической помощи.

650066 Кемерово, Октябрьский проспект, д. 22

Nonna M. Shibelgut – MD, PhD, Deputy Chief Physician for Obstetric and Gynecological Care.

22 Oktyabrsky Prospekt, Kemerovo 650066

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3193-858XЧаплыгинаО. С.ChaplyginaO. S.

Чаплыгина Ольга Сергеевна – к.б.н., зам. директора медицинского института.

650000 Кемерово, Красная ул., д. 6

Olga S. Chaplygina – MD, PhD (Biology), Deputy Director of the Medical Institute.

6 Krasnaya Str., Kemerovo 650000

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2086-483XПомыткинаТ. Е.PomytkinaT. E.

Помыткина Татьяна Евгеньевна – д.м.н., доцент, зав. кафедрой поликлинической терапии и сестринского дела.

650056 Кемерово, ул. Ворошилова, д. 22а

Tatyana E. Pomytkina – MD, Dr Sci Med, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Polyclinic Therapy and Nursing.

22а Voroshilov Str., Kemerovo 650056

ГАУЗ «Кузбасская областная клиническая больница имени С.В. Беляева»РоссияKuzbass Regional Clinical Hospital named after S.V. BelyaevRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Кемеровский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияKemerovo State Medical University, Health Ministry of Russian FederationRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Кемеровский государственный университет»РоссияKemerovo State UniversityRussian Federation202304012024176769782Copyright © Mozes K.B., Elgina S.I., Mozes V.G., Rudaeva E.V., Shibelgut N.M., Chaplygina O.S., Pomytkina T.E., 20242024Мозес К.Б., Елгина С.И., Мозес В.Г., Рудаева Е.В., Шибельгут Н.М., Чаплыгина О.С., Помыткина Т.Е.Mozes K.B., Elgina S.I., Mozes V.G., Rudaeva E.V., Shibelgut N.M., Chaplygina O.S., Pomytkina T.E.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.gynecology.su/jour/article/view/1873Aim

Aim: to summarize new data regarding the effectiveness of nutritional support during pregnancy.

Materials and Methods

Materials and Methods. A search for publications was carried out in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, RSCI databases by retrieving queries for the following keywords: nutritional support, pregnancy, micronutrients, vitamins, macronutrients, without language restrictions. 71 sources with full text access were selected for analysis.

Results

Results. Nutritional status during pregnancy markedly impacts on mother's and neonate’s health. During pregnancy, requirements for macro- and micronutrients increase to maintain maternal homeostasis and support fetal growth. Increasing calorie intake in general female population demonstrates modest effects on pregnancy and fetal outcomes, whereas for pregnant women in poor income countries it results in no long-term benefits for children by assessing their anthropometric parameters and neurocognitive development. Despite the lack of conclusive evidence, in many countries sensible calorie restriction during pregnancy is recommended. Some micronutrients are vital for mother and fetus, because their deficiency is accompanied by increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. For instance, folic acid deficiency is associated with the risk of developing fetal neural tube defects, iodine deficiency is coupled to the risk of emerging pediatric intellectual development disorders associated with congenital hypothyroidism, and calcium deficiency is related to a high risk of maternal hypertensive disorders. Therefore, micronutrient supplementation represents a technology with good potential in fighting for maternal and child health. Nonetheless, despite some advances in understanding nutritional support in pregnant women, many studies provide controversial data substantiating a need to conduct further investigations.

Conclusion

Conclusion. Overall, recent year research confirms that the supplementation of micro- and macronutrients during pregnancy is an effective tool for “fetal programming” allowing to impact on maternal and fetal health. At the same time, an analysis of the literature showed a significant lack of research in the field of creating individual nutrition programs and nutritional support for pregnant women belonging to different segments of the population, living in different geographical regions, etc.

Цель

Цель: обобщение новых данных, касающихся эффективности нутритивной поддержки во время беременности.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Проведен поиск информации по базам данных PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, РИНЦ по следующим ключевым словам без языковых ограничений: nutritional support, pregnancy, micronutrients, vitamins, macronutrients. Для анализа отобран 71 источник с полным доступом к тексту.

Результаты

Результаты. Алиментарный статус во время беременности оказывает значительное влияние на состояние здоровья матери и новорожденного. Во время беременности для поддержания материнского гомеостаза и поддержки роста плода повышаются потребности в макро- и микроэлементах. Увеличение калорий женщинам в общей популяции демонстрирует скромные результаты на течение и исходы беременности для плода, а у беременных в бедных странах не приводит к долгосрочным преимуществам для детей с точки зрения их антропометрических показателей и нейрокогнитивного развития. Несмотря на отсутствие убедительных доказательств, во многих странах рекомендуется разумное ограничение калорий во время беременности. Некоторые микроэлементы жизненно важны для матери и плода, так как их недостаток сопровождается увеличением рисков неблагоприятных исходов беременности. Например, недостаток фолиевой кислоты ассоциирован с риском развития дефектов нервной трубки плода, недостаток йода – с риском развития у ребенка нарушения интеллектуального развития, ассоциированного с врожденным гипотиреозом, дефицит кальция – с высоким риском гипертензивных расстройств у матери. Поэтому дотация микронутриентов представляет собой технологию, обладающую хорошим потенциалом в борьбе за здоровье матери и ребенка. Тем не менее, несмотря на определенные успехи в понимании нутритивной поддержки беременных, многие исследования демонстрируют противоречивые результаты, что делает необходимым дальнейшие исследования в данном направлении.

Заключение

Заключение. В целом, исследования последних лет подтверждают, что дотация микро- и макронутриентов во время беременности является эффективным инструментом «фетального программирования», позволяя влиять на здоровье будущего ребенка и самой женщины. В тоже время анализ литературы показал значительный недостаток исследований в области создания индивидуальных программ питания и нутритивной поддержки беременных, в том числе относящихся к разным слоям населения, проживающих в разных географических регионах.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.