<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">akusherstvo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Акушерство, Гинекология и Репродукция</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2313-7347</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3194</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IRBIS LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17749/2313-7347/ob.gyn.rep.2023.455</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">akusherstvo-1814</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ОRIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Features of gene polymorphism associations linked with sex hormone binding globulin level and breast cancer of various molecular biological subtypes</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Особенности ассоциаций полиморфизма генов, связанных с уровнем белка, транспортирующего половые гормоны, с раком молочной железы различных молекулярно-биологических подтипов</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0689-4917</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пасенов</surname><given-names>К. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pasenov</surname><given-names>K. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пасенов Константин Николаевич – аспирант кафедры медико-биологических дисциплин медицинского института.</p><p>308015 Белгород, ул. Победы, д. 85 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Konstantin N. Pasenov – MD, Postgraduate Student, Department of Medical and Biological Disciplines, Medical Institute.</p><p>85 Pobedy Str., Belgorod 308015</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5652-0166</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пономаренко</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponomarenko</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пономаренко Ирина Васильевна – д.м.н., доцент кафедры медико-биологических дисциплин. Scopus Author ID: 57190225823</p><p>308015 Белгород, ул. Победы, д. 85 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina V. Ponomarenko – MD, Dr Med Sci, Associate Professor, Department of Medical and Biological Disciplines, Medical Institute, Scopus Author ID: 57190225823.</p><p>85 Pobedy Str., Belgorod 308015</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1254-6134</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чурносов</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Churnosov</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чурносов Михаил Иванович – д.м.н., профессор, зав. кафедрой медико-биологических дисциплин. Scopus Author ID: 6601948788</p><p>308015 Белгород, ул. Победы, д. 85 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail I. Churnosov – MD, Dr Med Sci, Professor, Head of the Department of Medical and Biological Disciplines, Medical Institute, Scopus Author ID: 6601948788.</p><p>85 Pobedy Str., Belgorod 308015</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">churnosov@bsu.edu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belgorod National Research University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>729</fpage><lpage>739</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Pasenov K.N., Ponomarenko I.V., Churnosov M.I., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пасенов К.Н., Пономаренко И.В., Чурносов М.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pasenov K.N., Ponomarenko I.V., Churnosov M.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gynecology.su/jour/article/view/1814">https://www.gynecology.su/jour/article/view/1814</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim: to identify specific associations between genes polymorphism associated with sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) level and breast cancer (BC) of various molecular biological subtypes.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. The retrospective comparative study was conducted using specimens collected from 261 patients with BC of two molecular biological subtypes – luminal A/B (n = 153) and triple negative (n = 108) as well as 1140 women in control group. All study participants (n = 1401) underwent a molecular genetic study of four single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci, which showed a relationship with circulating SHBG level in previously conducted genome-wide association study (GWAS): rs12150660 SHBG, rs10454142 PPP1R21, rs780093 GCKR, rs17496332 PRMT6.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The analysis revealed an association between SHBG SNP candidate genes and a BC risk in patients with luminal A/B subtypes and lacked significant associations between the loci assessed and triple negative BC subtype. CC female genotype of rs10454142 PPP1R21 increased a risk of luminal A/B subtypes BC by more than 2-fold (recessive model [CC vs. TC+TT]; odds ratio = 2.07; 95 % confidence interval = 1.14–3.77; p = 0.017; pperm = 0.018). This SNP is localized in functionally "significant" regions of the genome (enhancers/active enhancers, promoters/active promoters) and affects methylation level in several hepatocyte DNA sites [cg15846641 (chr2:48541264)].</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The genetic variant rs10454142 PPP1R21 is associated with the risk of developing ВС luminal A/B subtypes, but not with ВС triple negative subtype.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: установить особенности ассоциаций полиморфизма генов, связанных с уровнем белка, связывающего половые гормоны (англ. sex hormone-binding globulin, SHBG), с раком молочной железы (РМЖ) различных молекулярно-биологических подтипов.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Выполнено ретроспективное сравнительное исследование с участием 1401 женщины: выборка была представлена 261 больной РМЖ с двумя молекулярно-биологическими подтипами опухоли – люминальными А/В (n = 153) и тройным негативным (n = 108); в контрольную группу вошли 1140 женщин. Всем обследованным выполнено молекулярно-генетическое исследование четырех однонуклеотидных полиморфных локусов (англ. single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP), показавшим связь с концентрацией циркулирующего SHBG в организме в ранее проведенных полногеномных исследованиях (англ. genome-wide association study, GWAS): rs12150660 SHBG, rs10454142 PPP1R21, rs780093 GCKR, rs17496332 PRMT6.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Проведенный анализ показал ассоциации SNP генов-кандидатов SHBG с риском РМЖ у пациенток с люминальными А/В подтипами и отсутствие статистически значимых связей изучаемых локусов с заболеванием у больных с тройным негативным подтипом. Наличие у женщины генотипа СС rs10454142 PPP1R21 более чем в 2 раза повышало риск возникновения РМЖ люминальных А/В подтипов (рецессивная модель [СС vs. TС+TT]; отношение шансов = 2,07; 95 % доверительный интервал = 1,14–3,77; p = 0,017; pperm = 0,018). Данный SNP локализуется в функционально «значимых» участках генома (энхансеры/активные энхансеры, промоторы/активные промоторы) и влияет на уровень метилирования ряда участков ДНК [cg15846641 (chr2:48541264)] в гепатоцитах.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Генетический вариант rs10454142 PPP1R21 ассоциирован с риском развития РМЖ люминальных А/В подтипов и не связан с возникновением заболевания тройного негативного подтипа.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак молочной железы</kwd><kwd>РМЖ</kwd><kwd>люминальные А/В подтипы</kwd><kwd>полиморфизм</kwd><kwd>rs10454142</kwd><kwd>ассоциации</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>breast cancer</kwd><kwd>BC</kwd><kwd>luminal A/B subtypes</kwd><kwd>polymorphism</kwd><kwd>rs10454142</kwd><kwd>associations</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы заявляют об отсутствии финансовой поддержки</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The authors declare no funding</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Злокачественные новообразования в России в 2021 году (заболеваемость и смертность). Под ред. А.Д. Каприна, В.В. Старинского, А.О. Шахзадовой. М.: МНИОИ им. П.А. Герцена – филиал ФГБУ «НМИЦ радиологии» Минздрава России, 2022. 252 с. Режим доступа: https://oncology-association.ru/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/zlokachestvennyenovoobrazovaniya-v-rossii-v-2021-g_zabolevaemost-i-smertnost.pdf. [Дата обращения: 10.09.2023].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malignant neoplasms in Russia in 2021 (morbidity and mortality). Eds. A.D. Kaprin, V.V. Starinsky, A.O. Shakhzadova. [Zlokachestvennye novoobrazovaniya v Rossii v 2021 godu (zabolevaemost' i smertnost'). Pod red. A.D. Kaprina, V.V. Starinskogo, A.O. Shahzadovoj]. Moscow: MNIOI im. P.A. Gercena – filial FGBU «NMIC radiologii» Minzdrava Rossii, 2022. 252 p. (In Russ). Available at: https://oncology-association.ru/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/zlokachestvennye-novoobrazovaniya-vrossii-v-2021-g_zabolevaemost-i-smertnost.pdf. [Accessed: 10.09.2023].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Giaquinto A.N., Sung H., Miller K.D. et al. Breast Cancer Statistics, 2022. CA Cancer J Clin. 2022;72(6):524–41. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21754.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Giaquinto A.N., Sung H., Miller K.D. et al. Breast Cancer Statistics, 2022. CA Cancer J Clin. 2022;72(6):524–41. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21754.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Breast cancer. World Health Organization, 2023. Режим доступа: https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/breast-cancer. [Дата обращения: 10.09.2023].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Breast cancer. World Health Organization, 2023. Available at: https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/breast-cancer. [Accessed: 10.09.2023].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Möller S., Mucci L.A., Harris J.R. et al. The heritability of breast cancer among women in the Nordic Twin Study of Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2016;25(1):145–50. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-15-0913.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Möller S., Mucci L.A., Harris J.R. et al. The heritability of breast cancer among women in the Nordic Twin Study of Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2016;25(1):145–50. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-15-0913.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mucci L.A., Hjelmborg J.B., Harris J.R. et al.; Nordic Twin Study of Cancer (NorTwinCan) Collaboration. Familial risk and heritability of cancer among twins in Nordic Countries. JAMA. 2016;315(1):68–76. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2015.17703.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mucci L.A., Hjelmborg J.B., Harris J.R. et al. Familial risk and heritability of cancer among twins in Nordic Countries. JAMA. 2016;315(1):68–76. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2015.17703.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Michailidou K., Lindström S., Dennis J. et al. Association analysis identifies 65 new breast cancer risk loci. Nature. 2017;551(7678):92–4. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature24284.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Michailidou K., Lindström S., Dennis J. et al. Association analysis identifies 65 new breast cancer risk loci. Nature. 2017;551(7678):92–4. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature24284.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adedokun B., Du Z., Gao G. et al. Cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis identifies six breast cancer loci in African and European ancestry women. Nat Commun. 2021;12(1):4198. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-02124327-x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adedokun B., Du Z., Gao G. et al. Cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis identifies six breast cancer loci in African and European ancestry women. Nat Commun. 2021;12(1):4198. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-02124327-x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lilyquist J., Ruddy K.J., Vachon C.M., Couch F.J. Common genetic variation and breast cancer risk – past, present, and future. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2018;27(4):380–94. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-17-1144.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lilyquist J., Ruddy K.J., Vachon C.M., Couch F.J. Common genetic variation and breast cancer risk – past, present, and future. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2018;27(4):380–94. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-17-1144.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Павлова Н.В., Орлова В.С., Батлуцкая И.В. и др. Роль высокопенетрантных мутаций в генах BRCA1 и CHEK2 в характере ассоциаций полиморфизма генов матриксных металлопротеиназ с раком молочной железы. Научные результаты биомедицинских исследований. 2022;8(2):180–97. https://doi.org/10.18413/2658-6533-2022-8-2-0-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pavlova N.V., Orlova V.S., Batlutskaya I.V. et al. The role of highly penetrant mutations in BRCA1 and CHEK2 genes in the pattern of associations of matrix metalloproteinase gene polymorphisms with breast cancer. [Rol' vysokopenetrantnyh mutacij v genah BRCA1 i CHEK2 v haraktere associacij polimorfizma genov matriksnyh metalloproteinaz s rakom molochnoj zhelezy]. Research Results in Biomedicine. 2022;8(2):180–97. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.18413/2658-6533-20228-2-0-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nyante S.J., Gammon M.D., Kaufman J.S. et al. Genetic variation in estrogen and progesterone pathway genes and breast cancer risk: an exploration of tumor subtype-specific effects. Cancer Causes Control. 2015;26(1):121–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-014-0491-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nyante S.J., Gammon M.D., Kaufman J.S. et al. Genetic variation in estrogen and progesterone pathway genes and breast cancer risk: an exploration of tumor subtype-specific effects. Cancer Causes Control. 2015;26(1):121–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-014-0491-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tin S.T., Reeves G.K., Key T.J. Endogenous hormones and risk of invasive breast cancer in pre- and post-menopausal women: findings from the UK Biobank. Br J Cancer. 2021;125(1):126–34. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-021-01392-z.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tin S.T., Reeves G.K., Key T.J. Endogenous hormones and risk of invasive breast cancer in pre- and post-menopausal women: findings from the UK Biobank. Br J Cancer. 2021;125(1):126–34. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-021-01392-z.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arthur R.S., Xue X., Rohan T.E. Prediagnostic circulating levels of sex steroid hormones and SHBG in relation to risk of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast among UK women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2020;29(5):1058–66. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-1302.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arthur R.S., Xue X., Rohan T.E. Prediagnostic circulating levels of sex steroid hormones and SHBG in relation to risk of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast among UK women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2020;29(5):1058–66. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-1302.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tang S.N., Zuber V., Tsilidis K.K. Identifying and ranking causal biochemical biomarkers for breast cancer: a Mendelian randomisation study. BMC Med. 2022;20(1):457. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-02202660-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tang S.N., Zuber V., Tsilidis K.K. Identifying and ranking causal biochemical biomarkers for breast cancer: a Mendelian randomisation study. BMC Med. 2022;20(1):457. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-02202660-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen F., Wen W., Long J. et al. Mendelian randomization analyses of 23 known and suspected risk factors and biomarkers for breast cancer overall and by molecular subtypes. Int J Cancer. 2022;151(3):372–80. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.34026.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen F., Wen W., Long J. et al. Mendelian randomization analyses of 23 known and suspected risk factors and biomarkers for breast cancer overall and by molecular subtypes. Int J Cancer. 2022;151(3):372–80. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.34026.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Drummond A.E., Swain C.T.V., Brown K.A. et al. Linking physical activity to breast cancer via sex steroid hormones, Part 2: The effect of sex steroid hormones on breast cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2022;31(1):28–37. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-21-0438.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Drummond A.E., Swain C.T.V., Brown K.A. et al. Linking physical activity to breast cancer via sex steroid hormones, Part 2: The effect of sex steroid hormones on breast cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2022;31(1):28–37. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-21-0438</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dimou N.L., Papadimitriou N., Gill D. et al. Sex hormone binding globulin and risk of breast cancer: a Mendelian randomization study. Int J Epidemiol. 2019;48(3):807–16. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz107.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dimou N.L., Papadimitriou N., Gill D. et al. Sex hormone binding globulin and risk of breast cancer: a Mendelian randomization study. Int J Epidemiol. 2019;48(3):807–16. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz107.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cui Y., Shu X.O., Cai Q. et al. Association of breast cancer risk with a common functional polymorphism (Asp327Asn) in the sex hormonebinding globulin gene. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005;14(5):1096–101. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-04-0721.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cui Y., Shu X.O., Cai Q. et al. Association of breast cancer risk with a common functional polymorphism (Asp327Asn) in the sex hormonebinding globulin gene. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005;14(5):1096–101. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-04-0721.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thompson D.J., Healey C.S., Baynes C. et al. Identification of common variants in the SHBG gene affecting sex hormone-binding globulin levels and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2008;17(12):3490–8. https://doi.org/10.1158/10559965.EPI-08-0734.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thompson D.J., Healey C.S., Baynes C. et al. Identification of common variants in the SHBG gene affecting sex hormone-binding globulin levels and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2008;17(12):3490–8. https://doi.org/10.1158/10559965.EPI-08-0734.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dunning A.M., Dowsett M., Healey C.S. et al. Polymorphisms associated with circulating sex hormone levels in postmenopausal women. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004;96(12):936–45. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djh167.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dunning A.M., Dowsett M., Healey C.S. et al. Polymorphisms associated with circulating sex hormone levels in postmenopausal women. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004;96(12):936–45. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djh167.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nyante S.J., Gammon M.D., Kaufman J.S. et al. Genetic variation in estrogen and progesterone pathway genes and breast cancer risk: an exploration of tumor subtype-specific effects. Cancer Causes Control. 2015;26(1):121–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-014-0491-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nyante S.J., Gammon M.D., Kaufman J.S. et al. Genetic variation in estrogen and progesterone pathway genes and breast cancer risk: an exploration of tumor subtype-specific effects. Cancer Causes Control. 2015;26(1):121–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-014-0491-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pan Z., Fu Z., Song Q. et al. Genetic polymorphisms and haplotype of hormone-related genes are associated with the risk of breast cancer in Chinese women. Genet Mol Res. 2016;15(2). https://doi.org/10.4238/gmr.15028640.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pan Z., Fu Z., Song Q. et al. Genetic polymorphisms and haplotype of hormone-related genes are associated with the risk of breast cancer in Chinese women. Genet Mol Res. 2016;15(2). https://doi.org/10.4238/gmr.15028640.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krivoshei I.V., Altuchova O.B., Golovchenko O.V. et al. Genetic factors of hysteromyoma. Res J Med Sci. 2015;9(4):182–5. https://doi.org/10.36478/rjmsci.2015.182.185.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krivoshei I.V., Altuchova O.B., Golovchenko O.V. et al. Genetic factors of hysteromyoma. Res J Med Sci. 2015;9(4):182–5. https://doi.org/10.36478/rjmsci.2015.182.185.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Головченко И.О. Генетические детерминанты уровня половых гормонов у больных эндометриозом. Научные результаты биомедицинских исследований. 2023;9(1):5–21. https://doi.org/10.18413/2658-65332023-9-1-0-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Golovchenko I.O. Genetic determinants of sex hormone levels in endometriosis patients. [Geneticheskie determinanty urovnya polovyh gormonov u bol'nyh endometriozom]. Research Results in Biomedicine. 2023;9(1):5–21. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.18413/2658-6533-2023-91-0-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Клинические рекомендации – Рак молочной железы – 2021-20222023 (20.01.2023). М.: Министерство здравоохранения Российской Федерации, 2021. 94 с. Режим доступа: http://disuria.ru/_ld/12/1279_kr21D05C50MZ.pdf. [Дата обращения: 10.09.2023].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Clinical guidelines – Breast cancer – 2021-2022-2023 (20.01.2023). [Klinicheskie rekomendacii – Rak molochnoj zhelezy – 2021-2022-2023 (20.01.2023)]. Moscow: Ministerstvo zdravoohraneniya Rossijskoj Federacii, 2021. 94 p. (In Russ.). Available at: http://disuria.ru/_ ld/12/1279_kr21D05C50MZ.pdf. [Accessed: 10.09.2023].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Coviello A.D., Haring R., Wellons M. et al. A genome-wide association meta-analysis of circulating sex hormone-binding globulin reveals multiple Loci implicated in sex steroid hormone regulation. PLoS Genet. 2012;8(7):e1002805. https://doi.org/10.06.2022:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002805.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Coviello A.D., Haring R., Wellons M. et al. A genome-wide association meta-analysis of circulating sex hormone-binding globulin reveals multiple Loci implicated in sex steroid hormone regulation. PLoS Genet. 2012;8(7):e1002805. https://doi.org/10.06.2022:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002805.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ohlsson C., Wallaschofski H., Lunetta K.L. et al. Genetic determinants of serum testosterone concentrations in men. PLoS Genet. 2011;7(10):e1002313. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1002313.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ohlsson C., Wallaschofski H., Lunetta K.L. et al. Genetic determinants of serum testosterone concentrations in men. PLoS Genet. 2011;7(10):e1002313. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1002313.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harrison S., Davies N.M., Howe L.D., Hughes A. Testosterone and socioeconomic position: Mendelian randomization in 306,248 men and women in UK Biobank. Sci Adv. 2021;7(31):eabf8257. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abf8257.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harrison S., Davies N.M., Howe L.D., Hughes A. Testosterone and socioeconomic position: Mendelian randomization in 306,248 men and women in UK Biobank. Sci Adv. 2021;7(31):eabf8257. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abf8257.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пономаренко И.В., Решетников Е.А., Полоников А.В., Чурносов М.И. Полиморфный локус rs314276 гена LIN28B ассоциирован с возрастом менархе у женщин Центрального Черноземья России. Акушерство и гинекология. 2019;(2):98–104. https://doi.org/10.18565/aig.2019.2.98104.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ponomarenko I.V., Reshetnikov E.A., Polonikov A.V., Churnosov M.I. The polymorphic locus rs314276 of the LIN28B gene is associated with the age of menarche in women of the Central Black Earth Region of Russia. [Polimorfnyj lokus rs314276 gena LIN28B associirovan s vozrastom menarhe u zhenshchin Central'nogo Chernozem'ya Rossii]. Akusherstvo i ginekologiya. 2019;(2):98–104. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.18565/aig.2019.2.98-104.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yarosh S.L., Kokhtenko E.V., Churnosov M.I. et al. Joint effect of glutathione S-transferase genotypes and cigarette smoking on idiopathic male infertility. Andrologia. 2015;47(9):980–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/and.12367.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yarosh S.L., Kokhtenko E.V., Churnosov M.I. et al. Joint effect of glutathione S-transferase genotypes and cigarette smoking on idiopathic male infertility. Andrologia. 2015;47(9):980–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/and.12367.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пономаренко И.В., Полоников А.В., Чурносов М.И. Ассоциация полиморфизма rs4986938 гена ESR2 с развитием гиперплазии эндометрия. Акушерство и гинекология. 2019;(4):66–72. https://doi.org/10.18565/aig.2019.4.66-72.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ponomarenko I.V., Polonikov A.V., Churnosov M.I. Association of ESR2 RS4986938 polymorphism with the development of endometrial hyperplasia. [Associaciya polimorfizma rs4986938 gena ESR2 s razvitiem giperplazii endometriya]. Akusherstvo i ginekologiya. 2019;(4):66–72. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.18565/aig.2019.4.66-72.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Polonikov A., Bykanova M., Ponomarenko I. et al. The contribution of CYP2C gene subfamily involved in epoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acids metabolism to hypertension susceptibility in Russian population. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2017;39(4):306–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/10641963.2016.1246562.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polonikov A., Bykanova M., Ponomarenko I. et al. The contribution of CYP2C gene subfamily involved in epoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acids metabolism to hypertension susceptibility in Russian population. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2017;39(4):306–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/10641963.2016.1246562.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Che R., Jack J.R., Motsinger-Reif A.A., Brown C.C. An adaptive permutation approach for genome-wide association study: evaluation and recommendations for use. BioData Min. 2014;7:9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0381-7-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Che R., Jack J.R., Motsinger-Reif A.A., Brown C.C. An adaptive permutation approach for genome-wide association study: evaluation and recommendations for use. BioData Min. 2014;7:9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0381-7-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Purcell S., Neale B., Todd-Brown K. et al. PLINK: a tool set for wholegenome association and population-based linkage analyses. Am J Hum Genet. 2007;81(3):559–75. https://doi.org/10.1086/519795.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Purcell S., Neale B., Todd-Brown K. et al. PLINK: a tool set for wholegenome association and population-based linkage analyses. Am J Hum Genet. 2007;81(3):559–75. https://doi.org/10.1086/519795.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zheng Z., Huang D., Wang J. et al. QTLbase: an integrative resource for quantitative trait loci across multiple human 846 molecular phenotypes. Nucleic Acids Res. 2020;48(D1):D983–D991. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz888.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zheng Z., Huang D., Wang J. et al. QTLbase: an integrative resource for quantitative trait loci across multiple human 846 molecular phenotypes. Nucleic Acids Res. 2020;48(D1):D983–D991. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz888.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ward L.D., Kellis M. HaploReg v4: systematic mining of putative causal variants, cell types, regulators and target genes for human complex traits and disease. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016;44(D1):D877–81. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkv1340.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ward L.D., Kellis M. HaploReg v4: systematic mining of putative causal variants, cell types, regulators and target genes for human complex traits and disease. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016;44(D1):D877–81. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkv1340.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hammond G.L. Plasma steroid-binding proteins: primary gatekeepers of steroid hormone action. J Endocrinol. 2016;230(1):R13–R25. https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-16-0070.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hammond G.L. Plasma steroid-binding proteins: primary gatekeepers of steroid hormone action. J Endocrinol. 2016;230(1):R13–R25. https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-16-0070.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hammond G.L. Diverse roles for sex hormone-binding globulin in reproduction. Biol Reprod. 2011;85(3):431–41. https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.111.092593.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hammond G L. Diverse roles for sex hormone-binding globulin in reproduction. Biol Reprod. 2011;85(3):431–41. https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.111.092593.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fortunati N., Catalano M.G. Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and estradiol cross-talk in breast cancer cells. Horm Metab Res. 2006;38(4):236–40. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-925337.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fortunati N., Catalano M.G. Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and estradiol cross-talk in breast cancer cells. Horm Metab Res. 2006;38(4):236–40. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-925337.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fortunati N., Catalano M.G., Boccuzzi G., Frairia R. Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), estradiol and breast cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2010;316(1):86–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2009.09.012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fortunati N., Catalano M.G., Boccuzzi G., Frairia R. Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), estradiol and breast cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2010;316(1):86–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2009.09.012.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
