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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">akusherstvo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Акушерство, Гинекология и Репродукция</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2313-7347</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3194</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IRBIS LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17749/2313-7347/ob.gyn.rep.2023.435</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">akusherstvo-1785</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ОRIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>NOD-like receptors in pathogenesis of missed and spontaneous abortions</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>NOD-подобные рецепторы в патогенезе неразвивающейся беременности и самопроизвольных выкидышей ранних сроков</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-6780</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедева</surname><given-names>О. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedeva</surname><given-names>O. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лебедева Ольга Петровна – д.м.н., доцент, профессор кафедры акушерства и гинекологии; ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории метагеномики и пищевых биотехнологий</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 55655876400</p><p>Researcher ID: E-59692015</p><p>308015 Белгород, ул. Победы, д. 85</p><p>394036 Воронеж, проспект Революции, д. 19</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga P. Lebedeva – MD, Dr Med Sci, Associate Professor, Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 55655876400</p><p>Researcher ID: E-5969-2015</p><p>85 Pobedy Str., Belgorod 308015</p><p>19 Prospect Revolutsii, Voronezh 394036</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lebedeva@bsu.edu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3103-7864</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванникова</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivannikova</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иванникова Виктория Михайловна – аспирант кафедры акушерства и гинекологии; врач ультразвуковой диагностики кабинета пренатальной диагностики </p><p>308015 Белгород, ул. Победы, д. 85</p><p>111020 Москва, Госпитальная площадь, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victoria M. Ivannikova – MD, Postgraduate Student, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Ultrasound Doctor, Prenatal Diagnostics Room</p><p>85 Pobedy Str., Belgorod 308015</p><p>2 Hospital Square, Moscow 111020</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8393-2852</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жукова</surname><given-names>И. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhukova</surname><given-names>I. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жукова Ирина Олеговна – аспирант кафедры акушерства и гинекологии; врач акушер-гинеколог </p><p>308015 Белгород, ул. Победы, д. 85</p><p>309310 Белгородская область, поселок Ракитное, ул. Пролетарская, д. 81</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina O. Zhukova – MD, Postgraduate Student, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Obstetrician-Gynecologist</p><p>85 Pobedy Str., Belgorod 308015</p><p>81 Proletarskaya Str., village Rakitnoe, Belgorod region 309310</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1480-2234</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козаренко</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozarenko</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Козаренко Олеся Николаевна – к.м.н., доцент кафедры акушерства и гинекологии; научный сотрудник лаборатории метагеномики и пищевых биотехнологий</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57443919600</p><p>308015 Белгород, ул. Победы, д. 85</p><p>394036 Воронеж, проспект Революции, д. 19</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olesya N. Kozarenko – MD, PhD, Researcher, Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57443919600</p><p>85 Pobedy Str., Belgorod 308015</p><p>19 Prospect Revolutsii, Voronezh 394036</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4674-8797</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алтухова</surname><given-names>О. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Altukhova</surname><given-names>O. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алтухова Оксана Борисовна – д.м.н., доцент, зав. кафедрой акушерства и гинекологии; зав. отделением гинекологии</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57216900558</p><p>308015 Белгород, ул. Победы, д. 85</p><p>308000 Белгород, ул. Некрасова, д. 8/9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oxana B. Altuhova – MD, Dr Med Sci, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Head of Gynecological Department</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57216900558</p><p>85 Pobedy Str., Belgorod 308015</p><p>8/9 Nekrasova Str., Belgorod 308000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8113-4788</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пахомов</surname><given-names>С. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pakhomov</surname><given-names>S. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пахомов Сергей Петрович – д.м.н., профессор; проректор по медицинской деятельности и развитию регионального здравоохранения; профессор кафедры акушерства и гинекологии</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57211600515</p><p>305041, Курск, ул. Карла Маркса, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey P. Pakhomov – MD, Dr Med Sci, Professor, Vice-Rector for Medical Activities and Regional Health Development; Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57211600515</p><p>3 Karl Marks Str., Kursk 305041</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1254-6134</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чурносов</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Churnosov</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чурносов Михаил Иванович – д.м.н., профессор зав. кафедрой медико-биологических дисциплин </p><p>Scopus Author ID: 6601948788</p><p>308015 Белгород, ул. Победы, д. 85</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail I. Churnosov – MD, Dr Med Sci, Professor, Head of the Department of Medical and Biological Disciplines</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 6601948788</p><p>85 Pobedy Str., Belgorod 308015</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет»; ФГБОУ ВО «Воронежский государственный университет инженерных технологий»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belgorod National Research University; Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет»; ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница № 29 имени Н.Э. Баумана Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belgorod National Research University; Bauman City Clinical Hospital No. 29, Moscow Healthcare Department</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет»; ОГБУЗ «Ракитянская центральная районная больница»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belgorod National Research University; Regional Rakityanskaya Central District Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет»; ОГБУЗ «Белгородская областная клиническая больница Святителя Иоасафа»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belgorod National Research University; St. Joasaph Belgorod Regional Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Курский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kursk State Medical University, Health Ministry of Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belgorod National Research University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>554</fpage><lpage>564</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Lebedeva O.P., Ivannikova V.M., Zhukova I.O., Kozarenko O.N., Altukhova O.B., Pakhomov S.P., Churnosov M.I., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лебедева О.П., Иванникова В.М., Жукова И.О., Козаренко О.Н., Алтухова О.Б., Пахомов С.П., Чурносов М.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lebedeva O.P., Ivannikova V.M., Zhukova I.O., Kozarenko O.N., Altukhova O.B., Pakhomov S.P., Churnosov M.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gynecology.su/jour/article/view/1785">https://www.gynecology.su/jour/article/view/1785</self-uri><abstract><p>Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NOD-like receptors) are cytosolic signaling receptors of innate immune cells recognizing ligands derived from bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa. They can initiate apoptosis and pro-inflammatory cytokines production. Meanwhile, the role of decidual NOD-like receptors in pathogenesis of early miscarriages remains unknown. </p><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim: to study NOD-like receptor (NOD1, NOD2, NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRC4) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression in decidual tissue from patients with missedand spontaneous abortions compared to progressive pregnancy.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. NOD1, NOD2, NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRC4 and pathway protein receptorinteracting-serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 (RIP-2) mRNA expression in decidua from 34 patients with missed abortions (group I), 34 patients with spontaneous abortions (group II) and 57 women with progressive pregnancy admitted for artificial abortion (group III, control group) were analyzed by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) at gestational age of 6–10 weeks. Exclusion criteria were as follows: endocrine disorders, severe extragenital diseases, antiphospholipid syndrome, inherited thrombophilia, uterine malformations and fetal chromosomal abnormalities. Samples were collected by uterine abrasion. </p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. It was found that mRNA expression of NOD2 was significantly higher in decidua from patients with missed and spontaneous abortions, whereas for RIP-2 (related to relevant signaling pathway) – in women with missed abortions. A moderate positive correlation between gestational age and mRNA expression for NOD2 (R = 0.48; p = 0.01) and RIP-2 (R = 0.41; p = 0.007) was observed in subjects with progressive pregnancy. In contrast, women with missed abortions showed a moderate negative correlation between body weight and mRNA expression for NOD2 (R = –0.46; p = 0.03) and RIP-2 (R = –0.51; p = 0.02) whereas spontaneous abortions was associated with moderate negative correlation between RIP-2 mRNA expression and body weight (R= –0.47; p=0.04) as well as body mass index (R= –0.48; p = 0.04) along with moderate positive correlation with age of menarche (R = 0.46; p = 0.04). However, compared with progressive pregnancy no significant differences were found in expression level form NOD1, NLRP1, NLRP3 and NLRC4 mRNA in decidua from patients with missed and spontaneous abortions. </p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Elevated NOD2 mRNA expression was observed in decidua from patients with missed and spontaneous abortions compared to progressive pregnancy paralleled with upregulated RIP-2 mRNA expression in missed abortions. Finally, it was found that NOD1, NLRP1, NLRP3 and NLRC4 were not involved in pathogenesis of miscarriages.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. NOD-подобные рецепторы – рецепторы, содержащие нуклеотид-связывающий домен олигомеризации (англ. nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors), – это цитоплазматические сигнальные рецепторы клеток врожденного иммунитета, распознающие лиганды вирусов, бактерий, грибов и простейших. Они могут индуцировать апоптоз и синтез провоспалительных цитокинов. Однако роль NOD-подобных рецепторов децидуальной ткани в патогенезе невынашивания беременности ранних сроков не изучалась.  </p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: изучить экспрессию матричной рибонуклеиновой кислоты (мРНК) NOD-подобных рецепторов (NOD1, NOD2, NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRC4) в децидуальной ткани пациенток с замершей беременностью и самопроизвольными абортами в сравнении с прогрессирующей беременностью. </p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Экспрессия мРНК NOD1, NOD2, NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRC4 и белка их сигнальных путей, рецептора, взаимодействующего с серин/треонинкиназой 2 (англ. receptor-interacting-serine/threonine-protein kinase 2, RIP-2), в децидуальной ткани 34 пациенток с неразвивающейся беременностью (группа I), 34 пациенток с самопроизвольными выкидышами (группа II) и 57 женщин с прогрессирующей беременностью, поступивших для проведения медицинского аборта (группа III, контрольная группа), была изучена методом обратнотранскриптазной количественной полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР) на сроке 6–10 нед беременности. Критериями исключения были эндокринные заболевания, тяжелые экстрагенитальные заболевания, антифосфолипидный синдром, наследственная тромбофилия, аномалии матки и хромосомные аномалии плода. Материал получали путем выскабливания полости матки. </p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Экспрессия мРНК NOD2 была достоверно выше в децидуальной ткани пациенток с неразвивающейся беременностью и самопроизвольными выкидышами ранних сроков, а RIP-2 (белка его сигнальных путей) – у женщин с неразвивающейся беременностью. У пациенток с прогрессирующей беременностью наблюдалась умеренная положительная корреляция между сроком беременности и экспрессией NOD2 (R = 0,48; p = 0,01) и RIP-2 (R = 0,41; p = 0,007). У женщин с неразвивающейся беременностью была выявлена умеренная отрицательная корреляция между массой тела и экспрессией мРНК NOD2 (R = –0,46; p = 0,03) и RIP-2 (R = –0,51; p = 0,02). У пациенток с самопроизвольными выкидышами ранних сроков наблюдалась умеренная отрицательная корреляция экспрессии мРНК RIP-2 с массой тела (R = –0,47; p = 0,04) и индексом массы тела (R = –0,48; p = 0,04) и умеренная положительная корреляция с возрастом менархе (R = 0,46; p = 0,04). Экспрессия мРНК NOD1, NLRP1, NLRP3 и NLRC4 в децидуальной ткани пациенток с неразвивающейся беременностью и самопроизвольными выкидышами ранних сроков не имела достоверных различий с прогрессирующей беременностью. </p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. У пациенток с неразвивающейся беременностью и самопроизвольными выкидышами ранних сроков в децидуальной ткани наблюдается увеличение экспрессии мРНК NOD2 по сравнению с прогрессирующей беременностью, у пациенток с неразвивающейся беременностью это сопровождается увеличением экспрессии мРНК RIP-2. Не выявлено влияние NOD1, NLRP1, NLRP3 и NLRC4 на патогенез невынашивания беременности ранних сроков. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>NOD-подобные рецепторы</kwd><kwd>NOD1</kwd><kwd>NOD2</kwd><kwd>RIP-2</kwd><kwd>NLRP1</kwd><kwd>NLRP3</kwd><kwd>NLRC4</kwd><kwd>неразвивающаяся беременность</kwd><kwd>самопроизвольный аборт</kwd><kwd>выкидыш</kwd><kwd>децидуальная ткань</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>NOD-like receptors</kwd><kwd>NOD1</kwd><kwd>NOD2</kwd><kwd>RIP-2</kwd><kwd>NLRP1</kwd><kwd>NLRP3</kwd><kwd>NLRC4</kwd><kwd>missed abortion</kwd><kwd>spontaneous abortion</kwd><kwd>miscarriage</kwd><kwd>decidual tissue</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">D’Ippolito S., Tersigni C., Marana R. et al. Inflammosome in the human endometrium: further step in the evaluation of the “maternal side”. 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