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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">akusherstvo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Акушерство, Гинекология и Репродукция</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2313-7347</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3194</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IRBIS LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17749/2313-7347/ob.gyn.rep.2023.404</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">akusherstvo-1650</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ОRIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Intrauterine activation of the fetal immune system in response to maternal COVID-19</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Внутриутробная активация иммунной системы плода в ответ на COVID-19 у матери</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0764-4477</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гашимова</surname><given-names>Н. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gashimova</surname><given-names>N. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гашимова Нилуфар Рамиль кызы – аспирант кафедры акушерства, гинекологии и перинатальной медицины Клинического института детского здоровья имени Н.Ф. Филатова</p><p>119991 Москва, ул. Большая Пироговская, д. 2, стр. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nilufar R. Gashimova – MD, Postgraduate Student, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatal Medicine</p><p>2 bldg. 4, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Str., Moscow 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nelya.94@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1339-4155</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панкратьева</surname><given-names>Л. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pankratyeva</surname><given-names>L. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Панкратьева Людмила Леонидовна – д.м.н., доцент, профессор кафедры педиатрии и организации здравоохранения ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии имени Дмитрия Рогачева» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; врач-неонатолог, врач-гематолог, руководитель научно-клинического центра ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница No 67 имени Л.А. Ворохобова Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 7006391091б, Author ID: 697284</p><p>117997 Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, д. 1</p><p>123423 Москва, ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2/44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Liudmila L. Pankratyeva – MD, Dr Sci Med, Associate Professor, Professor, Department of Pediatrics and Health Organization, Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology; Neonatologist, Hematologist, Head of the Clinical Research Center, Vorokhobov City Clinical Hospital No 67</p><p>1 Samora Machel Str., Moscow 117997</p><p>2/44 Salyama Adilya Str., Moscow 123423</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8404-1042</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бицадзе</surname><given-names>В. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bitsadze</surname><given-names>V. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бицадзе Виктория Омаровна – д.м.н., профессор РАН, профессор кафедры акушерства, гинекологии и перинатальной медицины Клинического института детского здоровья имени Н.Ф. Филатова</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 6506003478, Researcher ID: F-8409-2017</p><p>119991 Москва, ул. Большая Пироговская, д. 2, стр. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victoria O. Bitsadze – MD, Dr Sci Med, Professor of RAS, Professor, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatal Medicine, Filatov Clinical Institute of Children’s Health</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 6506003478, Researcher ID: F-8409-2017</p><p>2 bldg. 4, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Str., Moscow 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0725-9686</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хизроева</surname><given-names>Д. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khizroeva</surname><given-names>J. Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хизроева Джамиля Хизриевна – д.м.н., профессор кафедры акушерства, гинекологии и перинатальной медицины Клинического института детского здоровья имени Н.Ф. Филатова</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57194547147, Researcher ID: F-8384-2017</p><p>119991 Москва, ул. Большая Пироговская, д. 2, стр. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Jamilya Kh. Khizroeva – MD, Dr Sci Med, Professor, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatal Medicine</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57194547147, Researcher ID: F-8384-2017</p><p>2 bldg. 4, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Str., Moscow 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2541-3843</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макацария</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makatsariya</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Макацария Наталия Александровна – к.м.н., доцент кафедры акушерства, гинекологии и перинатальной медицины Клинического института детского здоровья имени Н.Ф. Филатова</p><p>Researcher ID: F-8406-2017</p><p>119991 Москва, ул. Большая Пироговская, д. 2, стр. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nataliya A. Makatsariya – MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatal Medicine</p><p>Researcher ID: F-8406-2017</p><p>2 bldg. 4, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Str., Moscow 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3628-0804</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Третьякова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tretyakova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Третьякова Мария Владимировна – к.м.н., врач акушер-гинеколог, ассистент кафедры акушерства, гинекологии и перинатальной медицины Клинического института детского здоровья имени Н.Ф. Филатова</p><p>119991 Москва, ул. Большая Пироговская, д. 2, стр. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria V. Tretyakova – MD, PhD, Obstetrician-Gynecologist, Assistant, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatal Medicine</p><p>2 bldg. 4, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Str., Moscow 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9783-1796</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шкода</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shkoda</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шкода Андрей Сергеевич – д.м.н., профессор, главный врач</p><p>123423 Москва, ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2/44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey S. Shkoda – MD, Dr Sci Med, Professor, Chief Physician</p><p>2/44 Salyama Adilya Str., Moscow 123423</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7756-8935</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорьева</surname><given-names>К. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigoreva</surname><given-names>K. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Григорьева Кристина Николаевна – ассистент кафедры акушерства, гинекологии и перинатальной медицины Клинического института детского здоровьяимени Н.Ф. Филатова</p><p>119991 Москва, ул. Большая Пироговская, д. 2, стр. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kristina N. Grigoreva – MD, Assistant, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatal Medicine</p><p>2 bldg. 4, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Str., Moscow 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5888-0774</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цибизова</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsibizova</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Цибизова Валентина Ивановна – к.м.н., врач акушер-гинеколог НИЛ оперативной гинекологии Института перинатологии и педиатрии, врач отделения функциональной ультразвуковой диагностики</p><p>197341 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valentina I. Tsibizova – MD, PhD, Obstetrician-Gynecologist, Research Laboratory of Operative Gynecology, Institute of Perinatology and Pediatrics; Physician, Department of Functional and Ultrasound Diagnostics</p><p>2 Akkuratova Str., Saint Petersburg 197341</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9899-9910</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гри</surname><given-names>Ж.-К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gris</surname><given-names>J.-C.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гри Жан-Кристоф – д.м.н., профессор кафедры акушерства, гинекологии и перинатальной медицины Клинического института детского здоровья имени Н.Ф. Филатова ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет), Москва; профессор гематологии, Университет Монпелье, Монпелье, Франция; иностранный член РАН, Москва</p><p>Researcher ID: AAA-2923-2019</p><p>119991 Москва, ул. Большая Пироговская, д. 2, стр. 4</p><p>Франция, 34090 Монпелье, ул. Огюста Бруссоне, д. 163</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Jean-Christophe Gris – MD, Dr Sci Med, Professor, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatal Medicine, Filatov Clinical Institute of Children’s Health, Sechenov University; Professor of Haematology, Head of the Laboratory of Haematology, Faculty of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Montpellier University and University Hospital of Nîmes, France; Foreign Member of RAS</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 7005114260, Researcher ID: AAA-2923-2019</p><p>2 bldg. 4, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Str., Moscow 119991</p><p>163 Rue Auguste Broussonnet, Montpellier 34090, France</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8882-1588</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Якубова</surname><given-names>Ф. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakubova</surname><given-names>F. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Якубова Фидан Эльчин кызы – клинический ординатор кафедры акушерства и гинекологии Клинического института детского здоровья имени Н.Ф. Филатова</p><p>119991 Москва, ул. Большая Пироговская, д. 2, стр. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Fidan E. Yakubova – MD, Clinical Resident, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology</p><p>2 bldg. 4, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Str., Moscow 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3367-9844</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Блинов</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Blinov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Блинов Дмитрий Владиславович – к.м.н., ассистент кафедры спортивной медицины и медицинской реабилитации Института клинической медицины имени Н.В. Склифосовского ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет); руководитель по медицинским и научным вопросам, Институт Превентивной и Социальной Медицины; доцент кафедры спортивной, физической и реабилитационной медицины АНО ДПО «Московский медико-социальный институт имени Ф.П. Гааза»</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 6701744871, Researcher ID: E-8906-2017, RSCI: 9779-8290</p><p>119991 Москва, ул. Большая Пироговская, д. 2, стр. 4</p><p>127006 Москва, ул. Садовая-Триумфальная, д. 4–10</p><p>123056 Москва, 2-я Брестская ул., д. 5, с. 1–1а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry V. Blinov – MD, PhD, MBA, Assistant, Department of Sports Medicine and Medical Rehabilitation, Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, Sechenov University; Head of Medical and Scientific Affairs, Institute for Preventive and Social Medicine; Associate Professor, Department of Sports, Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Moscow Haass Medical – Social Institute</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 6701744871, Researcher ID: E-8906-2017, RSCI: 9779-8290</p><p>2 bldg. 4, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Str., Moscow 119991</p><p>4–10 Sadovaya-Triumfalnaya Str., Moscow 127006</p><p>5 bldg. 1–1a, 2-ya Brestskaya Str., Moscow 123056</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7415-4633</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макацария</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makatsariya</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Макацария Александр Давидович – д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН, зав. кафедрой акушерства, гинекологии и перинатальной медицины Клинического института детского здоровья имени Н.Ф. Филатова ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет); вице-президент Российского общества акушеров-гинекологов (РОАГ); Заслуженный врач Российской Федерации; Почетный профессор Венского Университета</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57222220144,  Researcher ID: M-5660-2016</p><p>119991 Москва, ул. Большая Пироговская, д. 2, стр. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander D. Makatsariya – MD, Dr Sci Med, Academician of RAS, Professor, Head of the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatal Medicine, Filatov Clinical Institute of Children’s Health, Sechenov University; Vice-President of the Russian Society of Obstetrican-Gynecologists (RSOG); Honorary Doctor of the Russian Federation; Emeritus Professor of the University of Vienna</p><p>2 bldg. 4, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Str., Moscow 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии имени Дмитрия Рогачева» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница No 67 имени Л.А. Ворохобова Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Health Ministry of Russian Federation; Vorokhobov City Clinical Hospital No 67, Moscow Healthcare Department</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница No 67 имени Л.А. Ворохобова Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Vorokhobov City Clinical Hospital No 67, Moscow Healthcare Department</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В.А. Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Health Ministry of Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский университет); Университет Монпелье</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov University; University of Montpellier</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский университет); Институт Превентивной и Социальной Медицины; АНО ДПО «Московский медико-социальный институт имени Ф.П. Гааза»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov University; Institute for Preventive and Social Medicine; Moscow Haass Medical – Social Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>188</fpage><lpage>201</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Gashimova N.R., Pankratyeva L.L., Bitsadze V.O., Khizroeva J.K., Makatsariya N.A., Tretyakova M.V., Shkoda A.S., Grigoreva K.N., Tsibizova V.I., Gris J., Yakubova F.E., Blinov D.V., Makatsariya A.D., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гашимова Н.Р., Панкратьева Л.Л., Бицадзе В.О., Хизроева Д.Х., Макацария Н.А., Третьякова М.В., Шкода А.С., Григорьева К.Н., Цибизова В.И., Гри Ж., Якубова Ф.Э., Блинов Д.В., Макацария А.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gashimova N.R., Pankratyeva L.L., Bitsadze V.O., Khizroeva J.K., Makatsariya N.A., Tretyakova M.V., Shkoda A.S., Grigoreva K.N., Tsibizova V.I., Gris J., Yakubova F.E., Blinov D.V., Makatsariya A.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gynecology.su/jour/article/view/1650">https://www.gynecology.su/jour/article/view/1650</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. During pregnancy COVID-19 poses a serious threat to both maternal health and health of paired unborn child. Pregnant women have a high probability of complications due to respiratory viral infections followed by developing critical conditions caused by physiologically altered immune and cardiopulmonary systems. However, asymptomatic COVID-19 in pregnant women may be accompanied by fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS) that results in unfavorable sequelae for neonatal life and health.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim: to assess a fetal inflammatory response resulting from maternal COVID-19 in pregnancy.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Мethods</title><p>Materials and Мethods. A prospective randomized comparative study involving 92 pregnant women was carried out. The main group included 62 pregnant COVID-19 convalescent women: subgroup 1 consisted of 30 pregnant women found to be positive for SARS-CoV-2 by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 4–6 weeks before delivery; subgroup 2 – 32 pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 detected by PCR earlier during pregnancy. The control group enrolled 30 healthy pregnant women. The level of circulating cytokines – interleukins (IL) IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL-10) and cell markers (CD86, CD80, CD4, CD25, CD25, CCR7) were analyzed. In addition, all neonates underwent thymus gland ultrasound screening.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Cord blood dendritic cells from neonates born to mothers in subgroup 1 vs. control group showed a significantly upregulated expression of CD80 and CD86 (p = 0.023). Moreover, such cord blood samples in subgroup 1 were found to have increased percentage of CD4+, CCR7+ T cells paralleled with decreased proportion of naive CD4+ T cells as compared with control group (p = 0.016). It was found that count of maternal regulatory CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells (Treg) did not differ significantly, whereas Treg cell functional activity in mothers with severe COVID-19 (subgroup 2) was significantly suppressed. Significantly higher level of neonatal proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines was detected in subgroup 1 vs. control group (p &lt; 0.05). However, the cytokines level in maternal peripheral blood samples in main and control groups upon delivery was changed insignificantly. SARS-CoV-2-positive pregnant women showed a strong antigen-specific T cell response. A reduced thymus size was found in neonates born to paired COVID-19 mothers.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Fetal inflammatory response syndrome occurs upon COVID-19, which is characterized by activated fetal immune system and increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The disease severity in pregnant women has no correlation with FIRS intensity during neonatal period and can vary from minimally altered laboratory parameters to developing sequelae at organ and body system levels.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. СOVID-19 во время беременности представляет серьезную угрозу как для здоровья матери, так и для здоровья будущего ребенка. Беременные имеют высокую вероятность проявления осложнений респираторных вирусных инфекций с развитием критических состояний, которые обусловлены физиологическими изменениями в иммунной и сердечно-легочной системах. Однако бессимптомное течение COVID-19 у беременных может сопровождаться синдромом фетального воспалительного ответа (СФВО), что приводит к неблагоприятным последствиям для жизни и здоровья новорожденного.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: оценка воспалительного ответа у плода вследствие воздействия COVID-19 на мать во время беременности.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведено проспективное рандомизированное сравнительное исследование с участием 92 беременных. В основную группу вошли 62 беременные с перенесенной коронавирусной инфекцией: подгруппу 1 составили 30 беременных, у которых методом полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР) определено наличие SARS-CoV-2 за 4–6 нед до родов; подгруппу 2 – 32 беременные, у которых SARS-CoV-2 методом ПЦР был выявлен во время гестации ранее. Контрольная группа была сформирована из 30 здоровых беременных. У всех участниц исследования в периферической крови и пуповиной крови новорожденных определяли уровень циркулирующих цитокинов, а именно, интерлейкинов (англ. interleukin, IL) IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, гранулоцитарно-макрофагального колониестимулирующего фактора (англ. granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, GM-CSF), фактора некроза опухоли альфа (англ. tumor necrosis factor alpha, TNF-α), интерферона гамма (англ. interferon gamma, IFN-γ), воспалительного белка макрофагов-1β (англ. Macrophage inflammatory protein-1β, MIP-1β), хемокина-10 (англ. C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10, CXCL-10) и проводили анализ клеточных маркеров (CD86, CD80, CD4, CD25, CD25, CCR7); также всем новорожденным было выполнено ультразвуковое исследование вилочковой железы.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Дендритные клетки пуповинной крови новорожденных, родившихся от матерей подгруппы 1, показали значительное увеличение экспрессии CD80 и CD86 по сравнению с контрольной группой (p = 0,023). В образцах пуповинной крови детей, родившихся от матерей подгруппы 1, была повышена доля CD4+, CCR7+ T-клеток с сопутствующим снижением доли наивных CD4+ T-клеток по сравнению с контрольной группой (p = 0,016). Выявлено, что количество наивных регуляторных Т-клеток (англ. regulatory T cells, Treg) CD4 +CD25+Foxp3+ у матерей в исследованных группах статистически значимо не различалось, а функциональная активность Treg у матерей с тяжелым течением СOVID-19 (подгруппа 2) была существенно подавлена. У новорожденных подгруппы 1 были выявлены значительно более высокие уровни провоспалительных цитокинов и хемокинов по сравнению с контрольной группой (p &lt; 0,05). При этом содержание цитокинов в периферической крови матерей основной и контрольной групп на момент родоразрешения достоверно не различалось. Беременные с SARS-CoV-2 демонстрировали сильный специфичный Т-клеточный ответ. Было обнаружено снижение размеров вилочковой железы у новорожденных на фоне COVID-19 у матери.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Синдром фетального воспалительного ответа имеет место при COVID-19 и характеризуется активацией фетальной иммунной системы и повышенной продукцией провоспалительных цитокинов. Тяжесть заболевания у беременной не коррелирует с тяжестью течения СФВО в неонатальном периоде и может варьировать от минимальных изменений на уровне лабораторных показателей до развития осложнений со стороны органов и систем.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>синдром фетального воспалительного ответа</kwd><kwd>СФВО</kwd><kwd>регуляторные Т-клетки</kwd><kwd>Treg</kwd><kwd>плод</kwd><kwd>беременность</kwd><kwd>цитокины</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>fetal inflammatory response syndrome</kwd><kwd>FIRS</kwd><kwd>regulatory T cells</kwd><kwd>Treg</kwd><kwd>fetus</kwd><kwd>pregnancy</kwd><kwd>cytokines</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">DeBolt C.A., Bianco A., Limaye M.A. et al. 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