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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">akusherstvo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Акушерство, Гинекология и Репродукция</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2313-7347</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3194</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IRBIS LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17749/2313-7347/ob.gyn.rep.2023.414</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">akusherstvo-1649</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ОRIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Complications and outcomes of pregnancy in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies during various treatment methods</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Осложнения и исходы беременности у пациенток с носительством антифосфолипидных антител при различных методах лечения</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7516-530X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Багдасарова</surname><given-names>Ю. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bagdasarova</surname><given-names>Yu. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Багдасарова Юлия Сергеевна – к.м.н., старший лаборант кафедры акушерства, гинекологии и репродуктологии ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; врач акушер-гинеколог акушерского отделения патологии беременности СПб ГБУЗ «Родильный дом No 6 имени профессора В.Ф. Снегирева»</p><p>197022 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6/8</p><p>192014 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Маяковского, д. 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia S. Bagdasarova – MD, PhD, Senior Laboratory Assistant, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University; Obstetrician-Gynecologist, Obstetric Department of Pregnancy Pathology, Snegirev Maternity Hospital No 6</p><p>6/8 Lev Tolstoy Str., Saint Petersburg 197022</p><p>5 Mayakovskogo Str., Saint Petersburg 192014</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yuliadolgova@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2622-5000</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайнулина</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zainulina</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Марина Сабировна – д.м.н., профессор кафедры акушерства, гинекологии и репродуктологии ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; главный врач СПб ГБУЗ «Родильный дом No 6 имени профессора В.Ф. Снегирева»</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 37076359000, Researcher ID: B-5746-2018</p><p>197022 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6/8</p><p>192014 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Маяковского, д. 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina S. Zainulina – MD, Dr Sci Med, Professor, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University; Сhief Physician, Snegirev Maternity Hospital No 6, Saint Petersburg</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 37076359000, Researcher ID</p><p>6/8 Lev Tolstoy Str., Saint Petersburg 197022</p><p>5 Mayakovskogo Str., Saint Petersburg 192014</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9459-5698</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Николаева</surname><given-names>М. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolaeva</surname><given-names>M. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Николаева Мария Геннадьевна – д.м.н., профессор кафедры акушерства и гинекологии с курсом ДПО ФГБОУ ВО «Алтайский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; старший научный сотрудник Алтайского филиала ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр гематологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57191960907, Researcher ID: AAI-6271-2020</p><p>656038 Барнаул, пр. Ленина, д. 40</p><p>656045 Барнаул, ул. Ляпидевского, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mariya G. Nikolaeva – MD, Dr Sci Med, Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology with the Course of Additional Professional Education, Altai State Medical University; Senior Researcher, Altai Branch of National Research Center for Hematology</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57191960907, Researcher ID: AAI-6271-2020</p><p>40 Lenin Ave., Barnaul 656038</p><p>1 Lyapidevsky Str., Barnaul 656045</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; СПб ГБУЗ «Родильный дом No 6 имени профессора В.Ф. Снегирева»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Health Ministry of Russian Federation; Snegirev Maternity Hospital No 6</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Алтайский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; Алтайский филиал ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр гематологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Altai State Medical University, Health Ministry of Russian Federation; Altai Branch of National Research Center for Hematology, Health Ministry of Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>176</fpage><lpage>187</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Bagdasarova Y.S., Zainulina M.S., Nikolaeva M.G., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Багдасарова Ю.С., Зайнулина М.С., Николаева М.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bagdasarova Y.S., Zainulina M.S., Nikolaeva M.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gynecology.su/jour/article/view/1649">https://www.gynecology.su/jour/article/view/1649</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Antiphospholipid antibodies (APAs) exert multifaceted effects on the course of pregnancy by disrupting microcirculation, affecting the hemostasis, as well as damaging the endothelial membranes, leading to early reproductive loss and development of placenta-associated complications depending on the affected gestation stage. Planning and management of pregnancy in women in the absence of criteria for complete antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) currently remains unresolved issue. The absence of generally accepted treatment standards for this category of patients and inability to substantiate the diagnosis according to the APS classification criteria complicate selection of therapeutic tactics.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim: to conduct a comparative analysis of therapy-based complications and outcomes of pregnancy in APA carriers.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. During the period 2019–2021 a prospective study of 150 patients who entered pregnancy with aggravated obstetric and gynecological history, serum APA level was examined. Considering the risks of developing obstetric and thrombotic complications, all patients were prescribed prophylactic doses of low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) and low doses of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). The patients were divided into 3 groups using a random number generator. Group 1 (n = 50), in addition to the prescribed LMWH (enoxaparin sodium 40 mg 1 time per day) and ASA (150 mg 1 time per day), also underwent plasmapheresis (PF) 4 sessions per 1 course in 6–8, 12–14 and 22–24 weeks of pregnancy; group 2 (n = 50) received courses of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) at a course dose of 300 ml (15 g) simultaneously; group 3 (n = 50) received no additional therapies. Rate of pregnancy complications was comparatively assessed – development of fetal growth retardation (FGR), low birth weight fetus, gestational arterial hypertension (AH), moderate and severe preeclampsia (PE), anemia and delivery outcomes.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. It was found that in group 3 there was a higher incidence of gestational hypertension (p2,3 &lt; 0.0001), moderate PE (p 1,3 =0.071; p 2,3 = 0.0019), low weight fetus for gestational age (p2,3 = 0.0002) and FGR (p2,3 = 0.003). In group 1, compared with group 2, there were more often observed small weight for gestational age fetus (p1,2 = 0.018) and FGR (p1,2 = 0.024), gestational hypertension (p1,2 = 0.0008), anemia (p1,2 &lt; 0.0001) and latent iron deficiency (p1,2 &lt; 0.0001). Also, groups 2 and 3 vs. group 1 were more likely to have intrahepatic cholestasis during pregnancy (p1,2 = 0.013; p1,3 = 0.003).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. In the group of patients receiving complex therapy consisting of LMWHs prophylactic doses, low ASA doses and IVIG courses, the risks of developing placenta-associated complications and iron deficiency were reduced compared to other groups indicating about a higher efficiency of this therapy regimen. However, the development of intrahepatic cholestasis during pregnancy was less common in the group of patients receiving PF courses, in contrast to using IVIG courses, which can be accounted for by additional effect of efferent therapeutic methods and should be taken into account in a differentiated approach for management of patients with liver and gallbladder pathology.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Антифосфолипидные антитела (АФА) многосторонне влияют на течение беременности путем нарушения микроциркуляции и системы гемостаза, также повреждая мембрану эндотелия, и в зависимости от срока гестации, на котором было оказано воздействие, приводят к ранним репродуктивным потерям и развитию плацента-ассоциированных осложнений. Планирование и ведение беременности у женщин в случае отсутствия у них критериев полного антифосфолипидного синдрома (АФС) на сегодняшний день является нерешенным вопросом. Отсутствие общепринятых стандартов лечения данной категории пациенток и невозможность обосновать диагноз согласно классификационным критериям АФС вызывает сложности при выборе терапевтической стратегии.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: провести сравнительный анализ осложнений и исходов беременности при носительстве АФА в зависимости от метода терапии.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В период 2019–2021 гг. проведено проспективное исследование вступивших в беременность 150 пациенток, имевших отягощенный акушерско-гинекологический анамнез, циркуляцию АФА в крови. Учитывая риски развития акушерских и тромботических осложнений, всем пациенткам назначали профилактические дозы низкомолекулярных гепаринов (НМГ) и низкие дозы ацетилсалициловой кислоты (АСК). Пациентки были разделены на 3 группы с помощью генератора случайных чисел. Группа 1 (n = 50) в дополнение к назначенной терапии НМГ (эноксапарин натрия 40 мг 1 раз в сутки) и АСК (150 мг 1 раз в сутки) получала курсы мембранного плазмафереза (ПФ) по 4 сеанса за 1 курс в 6–8, 12–14 и 22–24 нед беременности; группа 2 (n = 50) получала курсы внутривенных иммуноглобулинов (ВВИГ) в курсовой дозе 300 мл (15 г) в аналогичные сроки; группа 3 (n = 50) не получала дополнительных методов терапии. Проводили сравнительный анализ частоты осложнений беременности – развития задержки роста плода (ЗРП), плода малого веса для гестационного срока, гестационной артериальной гипертензии (АГ), умеренной и тяжелой преэклампсии (ПЭ), анемии и исхода родов.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлено, что в группе 3 была выше частота встречаемости гестационной АГ (р 2,3 &lt; 0,0001), умеренной ПЭ (р 1,3 = 0,071; р2,3 = 0,0019), плода малого веса для гестационного возраста (р2,3 = 0,0002) и ЗРП (р2,3 = 0,003). В группе 1 по сравнению с группой 2 чаще встречались малого веса для гестационного возраста плод (р1,2 = 0,018) и ЗРП (р1,2 = 0,024), гестационная АГ (р1,2 = 0,0008), анемия (р1,2 &lt; 0,0001) и латентный дефицит железа (р1,2 &lt; 0,0001). Также в группах 2 и 3 чаще встречался внутрипеченочный холестаз при беременности по сравнению с группой 1 (р1,2 = 0,013; р1,3 = 0,003).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. В группе пациенток, получавших комплексную терапию в виде профилактических доз НМГ, низких доз АСК и курсов ВВИГ, риски развития плацента-ассоциированных осложнений и железодефицитных состояний оказались ниже относительно других групп, что свидетельствует о более высокой эффективности этой схемы терапии. Однако развитие внутрипеченочного холестаза при беременности реже встречалось в группе пациенток, получавших курсы мембранного ПФ, в отличие от применения курсов ВВИГ, что может быть объяснено дополнительным эффектом эфферентных методов терапии и может быть учтено при дифференцированном подходе к ведению пациенток с наличием патологии печени и желчного пузыря.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>беременность</kwd><kwd>антифосфолипидные антитела</kwd><kwd>АФА</kwd><kwd>ранние репродуктивные потери</kwd><kwd>плацента-ассоциированные осложнения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pregnancy</kwd><kwd>antiphospholipid antibodies</kwd><kwd>APAs</kwd><kwd>early reproductive losses</kwd><kwd>placenta-associated complications</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">da Silva Santos T., Ieque A.L., de Carvalho H.C. et al. 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