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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">akusherstvo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Акушерство, Гинекология и Репродукция</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2313-7347</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3194</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IRBIS LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17749/2313-7347.2015.9.1.077-083</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">akusherstvo-150</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЙ ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>DECISIONS RELATED TO THE BEGINNING AND END OF LIFE</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>РЕШЕНИЯ, СВЯЗАННЫЕ С НАЧАЛОМ И ОКОНЧАНИЕМ ЖИЗНИ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Червенак</surname><given-names>Ф. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chervenak</surname><given-names>F. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>prof.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">wcmc-admissions@med.cornell.edu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>МакКуллоу</surname><given-names>Л. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>McCullough</surname><given-names>L. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>prof.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Департамент Акушерства и Гинекологии. Медицинский Колледж Вейл Корнелльского Университета (Нью-Йорк, США)</institution><country>Соединённые Штаты Америки</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University (New York, USA)</institution><country>United States</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центр Медицинской Этики и Охраны здоровья. Колледж Медицины Бэйлор (Хьюстон, США)</institution><country>Соединённые Штаты Америки</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Center for Medical Ethics and Heath Policy, Вауlor College of Medicine (Houston, USA)</institution><country>United States</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>06</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>77</fpage><lpage>83</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Chervenak F.A., McCullough L.B., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Червенак Ф.А., МакКуллоу Л.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chervenak F.A., McCullough L.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gynecology.su/jour/article/view/150">https://www.gynecology.su/jour/article/view/150</self-uri><abstract><p>The traditions and practices of medicine provide an important reference point for medical ethics because they are based on the obligation to protect and promote the health-related interests of the patient. Medical ethics should be understood to be the disciplined study of morality in medicine and to concern the obligations of physicians and healthcare organizations to patients as well as the obligations of patients. Ethics is an essential dimension of maternal critical care. Maternal critical care is ethically more complex when the fetus as a patient. The physiacn's role is to explain to the pregnant patient before critical care is initiated its nature as a trial of management, The physician should explain both the short-term and long-term goals and the possibility that they might not be achieved. It is better for patients and their families to prevent ethical conflicts. Preventive ethics helps to build and sustain a strong physician-patient relationship.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Традиции и практики медицины являются важными эталонами медицинской этики, поскольку в их основе лежит обязательство защищать и способствовать интересам пациента, связанным со здоровьем. Meдицинскую этику следует понимать как упорядоченное исследование нравственности в медицине с учетом обязательств врачей и организаций здравоохранения перед пациентами, а также обязательств пациентов. Этика является существенным параметром интенсивной терапии матерей. Интенсивная терапия матерей представляется более сложной с этической точки зрения, если пациентом является нерожденный плод. Роль врача заключается в том, чтобы перед началом интенсивной терапии разъяснить беременной пациентке, что данная терапия является попыткой решения проблемы. Врач должен разъяснить, какие краткосрочные и долгосрочные цели и возможности могут не быть достигнуты. Для пациентов и их семей лучше предотвращать этические конфликты. Профилактическая этика помогает создать и поддерживать прочные отношения между врачом и пациентом.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Медицинская этика</kwd><kwd>пациент</kwd><kwd>отсутствие злого умысла</kwd><kwd>плод как пациент</kwd><kwd>рациональное консультирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Medical ethics</kwd><kwd>patient</kwd><kwd>non-maleficence</kwd><kwd>fetus as a patient</kwd><kwd>directive counseling</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beauchamp T.L., Childress J.F. Principles of Biomedical ' Ethics. 5th edn. New York. 2001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beauchamp T.L., Childress J.F. Principles of Biomedical ' Ethics. 5th edn. 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