akusherstvoObstetrics, Gynecology and ReproductionАкушерство, Гинекология и Репродукция2313-73472500-3194IRBIS LLC10.17749/2313-7347/ob.gyn.rep.2022.284akusherstvo-1230Research ArticleREVIEW ARTICLEНАУЧНЫЙ ОБЗОРColonization of pregnant women with group B streptococcus: current view at the problemКолонизация беременных стрептококком группы В: современное представление проблемыhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9632-6731ОленевА. С.OlenevA. S.

 к.м.н., зам. главного врача, зав. филиалом; главный внештатный специалист по акушерству и гинекологии Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы

Россия, 127287 Москва, 4-й Вятский переулок, д. 39

MD, PhD, Deputy Chief Physician, Head; Chief External Expert in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Moscow City Healthcare Department

 39 4th Vyatsky Lane, Moscow 127287, Russia 

OlenevAS@zdrav.mos.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9923-8833КоноплянниковА. Г.KonopliannikovA. G.

 д.м.н., профессор кафедры акушерства и гинекологии педиатрического факультета 

 Россия, 117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова д. 1 

 MD, Dr Sci Med, Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Pediatrics

 1 Ostrovityanova Str., Moscow 117997, Russia 

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4366-2306СонголоваЕ. Н.SongolovaE. N.

к.м.н., зам. главного врача по акушерско-гинекологической помощи 

Россия, 123423 Москва, ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2/44

 MD, PhD, Deputy Chief Physician for Obstetric and Gynecological Care

 2/44 Salyama Adilya Str., Moscow 123423, Russia 

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8600-7112СтецюкО. В.StetsyukO. V.

ординатор кафедры акушерства и гинекологии лечебногофакультета 

 Россия, 117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова д. 1 

 MD, Clinical Resident, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine

 1 Ostrovityanova Str., Moscow 117997, Russia 

Перинатальный центр − филиал ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница № 24 Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»РоссияPerinatal Center – Branch of City Clinical Hospital № 24, Moscow Healthcare DepartmentRussian FederationФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияPirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Health Ministry of Russian FederationRussian FederationГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница № 67 им. Л.А. Ворохобова Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»РоссияVorokhobov City Clinical Hospital № 67, Moscow Healthcare DepartmentRussian Federation202213052022162182193Copyright © Olenev A.S., Konopliannikov A.G., Songolova E.N., Stetsyuk O.V., 20222022Оленев А.С., Коноплянников А.Г., Сонголова Е.Н., Стецюк О.В.Olenev A.S., Konopliannikov A.G., Songolova E.N., Stetsyuk O.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.gynecology.su/jour/article/view/1230

The relevance of the problem of group B streptococcus (GBS) in obstetric practice casts no doubt. Attracting the close attention of leading experts, introducing new solutions and based on practical experience gained, it is still not possible to prevent all cases of neonatal infections associated with GBS. The review article demonstrates the current view of the problem. According to the literature, African-American race in combination with sexually transmitted infections are predisposing risk factors for GBS colonization. A direct relationship between obesity and the percentage of GBS carriers was revealed. GBS-colonized primigravidas have a 50 % increased chance of detecting the pathogen in subsequent pregnancies. Absolute factors for massive GBS colonization of the birth tract include GBS-associated asymptomatic bacteriuria and a history of GBS-colonized children. It is assumed that such virulence factors as hemolytic pigment and hyaluronidase contribute to the GBS pathogenic potential. The protective function in the immune system is performed by Kaschenko–Gofbauer cells, but their role is ambiguous. Early neonatal GBS infection realized in 90 % of newborns that manifested by sepsis, pneumonia and purulent meningitis. Implemented measures to prevent early neonatal GBS infection have a number of disadvantages. False-negative results of culture screening for GBS antigen at gestational age of 35–37 weeks increase a risk of vertical transmission, whereas false-positive results underlie a reason for prescribing irrational intranatal antibiotic prophylaxis. Moreover, antenatal GBS microbiological screening and antibiotic prophylaxis at birth do not prevent the risks of late-onset neonatal GBS infection.

Актуальность проблемы стрептококка группы В (СГВ) в акушерской практике не вызывает сомнений. Привлекая пристальное внимание ведущих специалистов, внедряя новые решения и базируясь на практическом накопленном опыте, до сих пор не удаётся предотвратить все случаи неонатальных инфекций, ассоциированных СГВ. Обзорная статья демонстрирует современное представление проблемы. По данным литературы, предрасполагающими факторами риска колонизации СГВ являются афроамериканская раса в сочетании с инфекциями, передаваемыми половым путем. Выявлена прямая зависимость между ожирением и процентом носительства СГВ. Первобеременные, колонизированные СГВ, на 50 % увеличивают шансы выявления возбудителя при последующих беременностях. К абсолютным факторам массивной колонизации родовых путей СГВ относят бессимптомную бактериурию, ассоциированную СГВ, и в анамнезе ребенок, колонизированный СГВ. Предполагают, что реализации патогенного потенциала СГВ способствуют такие факторы вирулентности, как гемолитический пигмент и гиалуронидаза. Защитную функцию в иммунной системе выполняют клетки Кащенко–Гофбауэра, однако их роль двойственная. У 90 % новорожденных реализуется ранняя неоантальная СГВ-инфекция, которая проявляется сепсисом, пневмонией и гнойным менингитом. Внедренные меры профилактики ранней неонатальной СГВ-инфекции имеют ряд недостатков. Ложноотрицательные результаты культурального скрининга на определение антигена СГВ в 35–37 нед беременности увеличивают риски вертикальной трансмиссии, а ложноположительная оценка является основанием к назначению нерациональной интранатальной антибиотикопрофилактики. Более того, антенатальный микробиологический скрининг на СГВ и антибиотикопрофилактика в родах не предотвращают риски развития поздних форм неонатальных СГВ-инфекций.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.