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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">akusherstvo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Акушерство, Гинекология и Репродукция</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2313-7347</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3194</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IRBIS LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17749/2313-7347/ob.gyn.rep.2021.271</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">akusherstvo-1181</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ОRIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Azoximer bromide-modulated immune response in aerobic vaginitis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Модуляция иммунного ответа азоксимера бромидом при аэробном вагините</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9524-8962</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дикке</surname><given-names>Г. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dikke</surname><given-names>G. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дикке Галина Борисовна – д.м.н., профессор кафедры акушерства и гинекологии с курсом репродуктивной медицины</p><p>190013 Санкт-Петербург, Московский проспект, д. 22, лит. М</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina B. Dikke – MD, Dr Sci Med, Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology with a Course of Reproductive Medicine</p><p>22 Lit. M, Moskovskiy Avenue, Saint Petersburg 190013</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">galadikke@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8290-5767</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Остроменский</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostromenskii</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Остроменский Владимир Владимирович – к.м.н., доцент, зав. кафедрой акушерства и гинекологии с курсом репродуктивной медицины</p><p>190013 Санкт-Петербург, Московский проспект, д. 22, лит. М</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir V. Ostromenskii – MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology with a Course of Reproductive Medicine</p><p>22 Lit. M, Moskovskiy Avenue, Saint Petersburg 190013</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6298-3300</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кучерявая</surname><given-names>Ю. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kucheryavaya</surname><given-names>Yu. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кучерявая Юлия Германовна – ассистент кафедры акушерства и гинекологии с курсом репродуктивной медицины</p><p>190013 Санкт-Петербург, Московский проспект, д. 22, лит. М</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia G. Kucheryavaya – MD, Assistant, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology with a Course of Reproductive Medicine</p><p>22 Lit. M, Moskovskiy Avenue, Saint Petersburg 190013</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ЧОУ ДПО «Академия медицинского образования имени Ф.И. Иноземцева»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Inozemtsev Academy of Medical Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>01</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>669</fpage><lpage>684</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Dikke G.B., Ostromenskii V.V., Kucheryavaya Y.G., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дикке Г.Б., Остроменский В.В., Кучерявая Ю.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dikke G.B., Ostromenskii V.V., Kucheryavaya Y.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gynecology.su/jour/article/view/1181">https://www.gynecology.su/jour/article/view/1181</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim: to evaluate the efficacy of azoximer bromide along with a combined antimicrobial drug in treatment of patients with aerobic vaginitis (AV).</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. There was conducted a prospective, randomized, parallel group study with enrolled 60 patients diagnosed with AV and 10 apparently healthy women (control group III). Group I (n = 30) received azoximer bromide (10 vaginal insertion according to the scheme, course of 10 days) and a combined antimicrobial drug, while Group II (n = 30) received only antimicrobial drug (course of 10 days). Microscopy of vaginal discharge smears, polymerase chain reaction method was used, detection of cytokines – interleukins (IL) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in vaginal washings was performed by ELISA. The study of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) was performed by ELISA, and DNA-containing strands ejected by neutrophils were determined by fluorescence method.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Recovery from disease was found in 100 % (30/30) and 86.7 % (26/30) in group I and group II, respectively. After treatment, serum level of IL-8 was revealed to decline in group I from 35.2 to 5.5 pg/ml (p = 0.05), in group II – from 33.4 to 5.3 pg/ml (p = 0.04), also not differ (p &gt; 0.05) from the control values (5.2 pg/ml). The level of IL-1β also decreased after treatment in group I from 51.5 to 15.1 pg/ml (p = 0.002), in group II – from 57.9 to 20.1 pg/ml (p = 0.03), which also did not differ (p &gt; 0.05) from the control values (16.7 pg/ml). The IL-10 level in both main groups decreased slightly (from 0.26 and 0.24 to 0.16 pg/ml in both groups), which was higher by 1.8-fold than in the control group (0.09 pg/ml; p &lt; 0.001). The number of ejected NETs in both main groups decreased significantly after treatment, reaching control level. No side effects were observed, compliance and acceptability were 100 % in both groups. The frequency of AV relapses within 3 months was observed in 3.3 % (1/30) and 14.3 % (4/28) patients, after 6 months – in 14.3 % (4/28) and in 20.0 % (5/25) patients in groups I and II, respectively. Using the logit regression model, demonstrated that AV relapse might occur with a 50 %-probability at TNF-α level &lt; 0.1 pg/ml after treatment (sensitivity – 67 %, specificity – 79 %). The risk of relapses in group I, in contrast to group II, showed a downward trend.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The use of azoximer bromide and a combined broad-spectrum antimicrobial drug is effective in AV treatment, exerts a modulating effect on immune response parameters contributes to lowering relapse rate.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: оценить эффективность азоксимера бромида в комплексе с комбинированным антимикробным препаратом в лечении пациенток с аэробным вагинитом (АВ).</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В проспективное рандомизированное сравнительное исследование в параллельных группах включено 60 пациенток с диагнозом АВ, составивших основные группы I и II, и 10 условно здоровых женщин (контрольная группа III). В группе I (n = 30) пациентки получали азоксимера бромид (10 введений по схеме курсом 10 дней) и комбинированный антимикробный препарат, в группе II (n = 30) – только антимикробный препарат (курсом 10 дней). Использовали микроскопию мазков влагалищного отделяемого, метод полимеразной цепной реакции, определение в смывах из влагалища цитокинов – интерлейкинов (англ. interleukins, IL) и фактора некроза опухоли альфа (англ. tumor necrosis factor-alpha, TNF-α) выполняли методом иммуноферментного анализа (ИФА). Исследование внеклеточных ловушек нейтрофилов (англ. neutrophil extracellular traps, NETs) выполняли методом ИФА, а также определяли ДНК-содержащие нити, выброшенные нейтрофилами, методом флуоресценции.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Выздоровление установлено у 100 % (30/30) пациенток в группе I и у 86,7% (26/30) в группе II. После лечения выявлено снижение уровня IL-8 в группе I с 35,2 до 5,5 пг/мл (р = 0,05), в группе II – с 33,4 до 5,3 пг/мл (р = 0,04), что не отличалось (р &gt; 0,05) от контрольных значений (5,2 пг/мл). Уровень IL-1β также снижался после лечения в группе I с 51,5 до 15,1 пг/мл (р = 0,002), в группе II – с 57,9 до 20,1 пг/мл (р = 0,03), что также не отличалось (р &gt; 0,05) от контрольных значений (16,7 пг/мл). Содержание IL-10 в обеих основных группах снижалось незначительно (с 0,26 и 0,24 до 0,16 пг/мл в обеих группах), что было в 1,8 раз выше, чем в контрольной группе (0,09 пг/мл; р &lt; 0,001). Количество выбросивших NETs нейтрофильных клеток в обеих основных группах статистически значимо уменьшилось после лечения, достигнув контрольных значений. Побочные эффекты не отмечались, комплаентность и приемлемость составила 100 % в обеих основных группах. Частота рецидивов АВ в течение 3 мес наблюдалась у 3,3 % (1/30) и 14,3 % (4/28) пациенток, через 6 мес – у 14,3 % (4/28) и у 20,0 % (5/25) пациенток соответственно в группах I и II. С помощью модели логит-регрессии показано, что с вероятностью 50 % возможен рецидив АВ при уровне TNF-α &lt; 0,1 пг/мл после проведенного лечения (чувствительность – 67 %, специфичность – 79 %). Риск рецидивов в группе I по сравнению с группой II демонстрировал тенденцию к снижению.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Использование азоксимера бромида и комбинированного антимикробного препарата широкого спектра действия является эффективным в лечении АВ, оказывает модулирующее действие на показатели иммунного ответа, способствует снижению частоты рецидивов.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аэробный вагинит</kwd><kwd>АВ</kwd><kwd>цитокины</kwd><kwd>внеклеточные ловушки нейтрофилов</kwd><kwd>NETs</kwd><kwd>нетоз</kwd><kwd>азоксимера бромид</kwd><kwd>полиоксидоний</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>aerobic vaginitis</kwd><kwd>AV</kwd><kwd>cytokines</kwd><kwd>neutrophil extracellular traps</kwd><kwd>NETs</kwd><kwd>azoximer bromide</kwd><kwd>polyoxidonium</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при спонсорской поддержке НПО Петровакс Фарм. Россия, 123100 Москва, Федерация Восток, Пресненская наб., д. 12, 38 этаж.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out with the sponsorship of Petrovax Pharm. Russia, 123100 Moscow, Federation East, Presnenskaya nab., 12, 38th floor.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Donders G.G., Bellen G., Grinceviciene S. et al. Aerobic vaginitis: no longer a stranger. Res Microbiol. 2017;168(9–10):845–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resmic.2017.04.004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Donders G.G., Bellen G., Grinceviciene S. et al. Aerobic vaginitis: no longer a stranger. 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