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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">akusherstvo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Акушерство, Гинекология и Репродукция</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2313-7347</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3194</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IRBIS LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17749/2313-7347/ob.gyn.rep.2021.245</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">akusherstvo-1096</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ОRIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>RhD-induced immunogenetic disparity between mother and fetus: medical importance and economic effect of using molecular genetic technology</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Иммунологическая несовместимость плода и матери по резус-фактору: медицинская значимость и экономический эффект применения молекулярно-генетических технологий</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9923-8833</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коноплянников</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Konopliannikov</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Коноплянников Александр Георгиевич – доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры акушерства и гинекологии педиатрического факультета</p><p>117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr G. Konopliannikov – MD, Dr Sci Med, Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatric Faculty</p><p>1 Ostrovityanova Str., Moscow 117997</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9779-5708</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тороповский</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Toropovskii</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тороповский Андрей Николаевич – кандидат медицинских наук, генеральный директор</p><p>432072 Ульяновск, 44-й Инженерный проезд, д. 9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrei N. Toropovskii – MD, PhD, General Director</p><p>9 44th InzhenernyProezd, Ulyanovsk 432072</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4012-875X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Викторов</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Viktorov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Викторов Денис Александрович – кандидат биологических наук, доцент кафедры общей и молекулярной биологии</p><p>443099 Самара, ул. Чапаевская, д. 89</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis A. Viktorov – MD, PhD (Biology), Associate Professor, Department of General and Molecular  Biology</p><p>89 Chapaevskaya Str., Samara 443099</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0947-511X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мякишева</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Myakisheva</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мякишева Юлия Валерьевна – доктор медицинских наук, заведующая кафедрой общей и молекулярной биологии </p><p>443099 Самара, ул. Чапаевская, д. 89</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia V. Myakisheva – MD, Dr Sci Med, Head of the Department of General and Molecular Biology</p><p>89 Chapaevskaya Str., Samara 443099</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0527-4150</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бурганова</surname><given-names>Р. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Burganova</surname><given-names>R. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бурганова Рамиля Фаритовна – заведующая клинико-диагностической лабораторией </p><p>432063 Ульяновск, ул. Третьего Интернационала, д. 7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ramilya F. Burganova – MD, Head of Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory</p><p>7 Third International Str., Ulyanovsk 432063</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4837-2554</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соловьев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Solovyev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Соловьев Алексей Вячеславович – кандидат биологических наук, доцент кафедры общей и молекулярной биологии</p><p>443099 Самара, ул. Чапаевская, д. 89</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey V. Solovyev – MD, PhD (Biology), Associate Professor, Department of General and Molecular Biology</p><p>89 Chapaevskaya Str., Samara 443099</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9483-8909</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казакова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazakova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Казакова Анна Владимировна – доктор медицинских наук, заведующая кафедрой акушерства и гинекологии №2  </p><p>443099 Самара, ул. Чапаевская, д. 89</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna V. Kazakova – MD, Dr Sci Med, Head of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology № 2</p><p>89 Chapaevskaya Str., Samara 443099</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1962-576X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мариновская</surname><given-names>В. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Marinovskaya</surname><given-names>V. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мариновская Виктория Борисовна – ординатор кафедры акушерства и гинекологии</p><p>443099 Самара, ул. Чапаевская, д. 89</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victoria B. Marinovskaya – MD, Medical Resident, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology</p><p>89 Chapaevskaya Str., Samara 443099</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">v.b.marinovskaya@samsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Health Ministry of Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «ТестГен»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>TestGen LLC</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Самарский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Samara State Medical University, Health Ministry of Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГУЗ «Ульяновская областная клиническая больница»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ulyanovsk Regional Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>525</fpage><lpage>533</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Konopliannikov A.G., Toropovskii A.N., Viktorov D.A., Myakisheva Y.V., Burganova R.F., Solovyev A.V., Kazakova A.V., Marinovskaya V.B., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Коноплянников А.Г., Тороповский А.Н., Викторов Д.А., Мякишева Ю.В., Бурганова Р.Ф., Соловьев А.В., Казакова А.В., Мариновская В.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Konopliannikov A.G., Toropovskii A.N., Viktorov D.A., Myakisheva Y.V., Burganova R.F., Solovyev A.V., Kazakova A.V., Marinovskaya V.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gynecology.su/jour/article/view/1096">https://www.gynecology.su/jour/article/view/1096</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Here we discuss the problem of timely diagnostics and prevention of Rh-immunization of pregnant women as well as fetal hemolytic disease, which remains currently relevant, despite the existence of proven diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive methods.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim: to assess the medico-economic efficiency of non-invasive prenatal diagnostics of using fetal Rh factor (rhesus D antigen, RhD) in maternal blood – a fetal RhD-genotyping.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. A retrospective observational study was conducted to analyze determining fetal Rh-factor in the blood samples from 4109 Rh-negative pregnant women observed in the 41 medical facilities of the Ulyanovsk region in the years 2018–2020. The fetal RhD level was determined by polymerase chain reaction at gestational age of ≥ 10 weeks. To assess testrelated medical effectiveness, there were examined sensitivity, specificity, predictive value of positive and negative data as well as diagnostic accuracy. The data collected during the study were compared with those obtained after delivery. To assess the economic efficiency, the difference between the cost of immunization and the cost of determining the fetal Rh factor level was determined.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. A positive and negative fetal Rh-factor was detected in 67.26 % (n = 2793) and 32.74 % (n = 1316) cases, respectively. Diagnostic accuracy of the test system "Test-RhD" was 99.40 %, sensitivity – 99.84 %, specificity – 97.51 %, the prognostic value of a positive result was 99.43 %, the predictive value of a negative result – 99.28 % with low rate of false positive and false negative data. It was shown that our study allows to avoid unnecessary immunization costs for all Rh-negative pregnant women.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Analysis of the diagnostic characteristics and cost-effectiveness of the RhD test evidences about high medical significance of the method described and allows to recommend its wider application.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. В статье рассматривается проблема своевременной диагностики и профилактики резус-иммунизации беременных и гемолитической болезни плода, которая на сегодняшний день остается актуальной, несмотря на наличие отработанных методов диагностики, лечения и профилактики.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: оценка медико-экономической эффективности использования неинвазивной пренатальной диагностики резус-фактора (англ. rhesus D antigen, RhD) плода в крови матери – RhD-генотипирование плода.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В ретроспективном наблюдательном исследовании выполнен анализ результатов определения резус-фактора плода в крови 4109 резус-отрицательных беременных, наблюдавшихся в 41 медицинской организации Ульяновской области в период 2018–2020 гг. На сроке гестации ≥ 10 недель проводили определение RhD состояния плода методом полимеразной цепной реакции. Для оценки медицинской эффективности теста определяли чувствительность, специфичность, прогностическую ценность положительного и отрицательного результата, диагностическую точность. Собранные в ходе исследования данные сопоставляли со сведениями, полученными после родов. Для оценки экономической эффективности определяли разность стоимости иммунопрофилактики и стоимости определения антигена D системы Резус (резус-фактор) плода.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Положительный резус-фактор плода выявлен в 67,26 % случаев (n = 2793), отрицательный – у 32,74% (n = 1316) обследованных. Диагностическая точность тест-системы «Тест-RhD» составила 99,40 %, чувствительность – 99,84 %, специфичность – 97,51 %, прогностическая ценность положительного результата – 99,43 %, отрицательного результата – 99,28 % при низких показателях ложноположительных и ложноотрицательных результатов. Показано, что проведение данного исследования позволяет избежать лишних затрат на иммунизацию всех резус-отрицательных беременных.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Данные анализа диагностических характеристик и экономической эффективности применения RhD-теста свидетельствуют о высокой медицинской значимости метода и позволяют рекомендовать его более широкое использование.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>молекулярно-генетическая пренатальная диагностика</kwd><kwd>резус-иммунизация</kwd><kwd>тест-системы</kwd><kwd>RhD</kwd><kwd>медико-экономическая эффективность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>molecular-genetic prenatal diagnostics</kwd><kwd>Rh-immunization</kwd><kwd>test systems</kwd><kwd>RhD</kwd><kwd>medical and economic efficiency</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коноплянников А.Г., Павлова Н.Г. Изосерологическая несовместимость крови матери и плода. Гемолитическая болезнь плода и новорожденных. В кн.: Акушерство. Национальное руководство. Под ред. Г.М. Савельевой, В.Н. 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